Theories and Theorists
Neuroscience
Sensation and Perception
States of Consiousness
Learning
Research
Thats so random...
100
Dr. Bob asserts that our behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts about which we have little awareness or control. This viewpoint is most consistent with the _____ perspective in psychology.
psychodynamic
100
We use this side of our brains to process language.
Left?
100
If you stare for 30 seconds at a red object and then look at a blank sheet of white paper, you will see a greenish image of the object. This phenomenon BEST supports the ________ theory of color vision.
Opponent-Process
100
Name the two sleeping disorders that can make you fall asleep in the middle of the day?
Narcolepsy and Sleep Apnea
100
Charlotte has been bit by the neighbors dog and is now afraid of the family dog. Her behavior has been altered by what form of punishment?
Positive Punishment
(+ addition of a punishment)
100
The only way psychologists can establish cause-and-effect relationships through research is by carrying out
a(n) _____.
Experiment
100
Who is "the father" of psychology?
Wundt
200
The theory that emphasizes the concept that humans strive to grow, develop and have the capacity to seek and reach fulfillment.
Humanistic theory?
200
Electrical wires are generally protected by a tube of plastic. A similar insulating function is performed in the nervous system by the:
Myelin Sheath
200
The _____ is the minimum amount of stimulation that is required to tell that two stimuli are not the same.
Just Noticeable difference
200
The bodies natural wake and sleep clock.
Circadian Rhythm
200
In classical conditioning, an unconditioned stimulus
naturally triggers a response without any prior learning
200
In scientific research, this type of variable is manipulated or controlled by the experimenter and is not influenced by other variables in the study.
Independent
200
Medical doctor who has clinical training and can treat neurological illnesses and can treat them with prescription drugs
Psychiatrist
300
True or False?
The neuroscience perspective includes the study of heredity and evolution, which considers how heredity may influence behavior.
True
300
The glands in this system include the pineal, pituitary, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Endocrine Glands?
300
The idea that the eye contains separate receptors for these three colors is known as the trichromatic theory.
Red, Green and Blue
300
If you have been asleep for about 50 minutes and are in a deep sleep such that when awakened you are disoriented, you have most likely been experiencing
Stage 3 Sleep
300
When playing slot machines at a casino players never know exactly how many times they need to pull the lever before winning, this is an example of
Variable ratio?
300
This type of research design manipulates variables, uses random assignment, and is considered the "gold standard" for establishing cause-and-effect relationships.
Experimental
300
This theory suggests that dreams help humans process critical daily information and simulate real-world threats to prepare for survival.
dreams for survival theory
400
True or False:
Specific experiences can modify the way in which information is processed
TRUE
400
This part of the nervous system helps regulate breathing, heart rate and aids in calming the body down after excitement.
Parasympathetic Division?
400
This Gestalt principle helps us perceive incomplete shapes as whole by mentally filling in the gaps.
Closure?
400
Freud would suggest that there is more to the dream than its literal meaning. He might interpret the dream to mean that you fear exposure, that you feel insecure, or that you fear other people will notice your shortcomings. This hidden meaning represents___________ content of the dream.
Latent
400
When a parent praises and gives a sticker to their child for cleaning their room, making the child more likely to clean their room again in the future because the positive reinforcement (praise and sticker) is associated with the desired behavior (cleaning) is an example of______.
Operant Conditioning
400
Agatha has noticed a pattern: The more alcohol people drink, the more aggressive they seem to be. Which research method is aimed at verifying a relationship between two variables?
Correlational Research
400
The "functional" type of this, MRI for short, shows we use all of our brain, not just 10%.
fMRI
500
Free will is a key component of ______________ theory. Free will stands in contrast to _____.
Humanistic; Determinism
500
Damage to this region, you could recognize forms and objects, but not faces.
Temporal Lobe
500
Cross-cultural research has revealed that individuals who grow up in environments with fewer right angles are significantly less likely to be affected by certain visual illusions compared to those raised in settings dominated by structures featuring right angles, such as modern urban architecture.
Muller Lyer Illusion
500
When we first fall asleep we typically enter into
non-REM sleep
500
This type of processing relies on prior knowledge and expectations to interpret sensory information, while its counterpart builds perception from basic sensory input.
Top-down processing?
500
A specific prediction or statement of likelihood that a certain event will occur or that a given relationship will be found between two variables
Hypothesis
500
Nurses get used to the loud noises of the ER with the concept of
Adaptation
600
Praising a child for completing their homework, giving a dog a treat when it performs a trick, taking away a teenager's phone privileges for breaking a rule are all examples of
Operant Conditioning
600
As an action potential occurs, the neuron's electrical charge
changes from positive to negative
600
Objects in the distance that appear to converge are an example of
Linear Perspective
600
REM sleep is paradoxical (contradictory) because:
The brain is active but our muscles appear to be paralyzed
600
The _____ areas are considered to be the site of higher mental processes such as thinking, language, memory, and speech.
association
600
True or false:
It was not mandatory for all clinical trials to include women until 1993.
TRUE
600
At a conference on poverty research, a panel of psychologists is discussing the development of children of families living in poverty.
Dr. Ford reviews the evidence that social supports positively impacts a child's development.
Dr. Honda studies the role that structural racism plays in creating and sustaining poverty.
Finally, Dr. Toyota reviews the internal traits of resilient children who are able to succeed despite growing up impoverished.
Which of the following alternatives BEST identifies the subfields in which each of these psychologists probably specializes?
Dr. Ford- Social Psychology
Dr. Honda- Cross-Cultural Psychology
Dr. Toyota- Personality Psychology