Terms
Terms
Terms
Terms
Terms
100
The four goals of psychology
What are description, explanation, prediction and influence.
100
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
What is psychology
100
Research method in which researchers observe and record behavior without trying to influence or control it.
What is naturalistic observation. >> behavior is more natural and spontaneous in normal setting >> cannot reach conclusions about cause and effect relationships >> observer bias is a potential problem
100
A sample of participants selected from the larger population in such a way that important subgroups are represented in the same proportion as they are in the population.
What is a representative sample.
100
The ability of a test to yield nearly the same results when the same subjects are tested and retested using the same or alternative form of the test.
What is reliability.
200
Applying a principle or changing a condition to prevent unwanted occurrences or to bring about desired outcomes.
What is influence.
200
General principle or set of principles that explain how a number of separate facts are related to one another.
What is a theory.
200
Research method in which researchers can exert more control and use more precise equipment to measure responses.
What is laboratory observation. >> spontaneity is lost, especially in human interactions. >> possible observer bias
200
Research method in which researchers randomly assign participants to groups and control all but one condition to determine cause-and-effect relationships.
What is the experimental method. >> designed to test a hypothesis
200
The ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure.
What is validity.
300
When researchers can specify the conditions under which a behavior or event is likely to occur.
What is prediction.
300
The two important functions of a theory.
1) organizes facts 2) guides research
300
An in depth study of one or a few participants using observation, interviews and/or psychological testing.
What is a case study. >> source of info for rare or unusual conditions >> may not be representative of condition or event >> time consuming
300
The assignment of participants to experimental groups in such a way that systematic differences are present in the groups before the experiment begins.
What is selection bias.
300
Research method used to establish the relationship between two characteristics, events or behaviors.
What is the correlational method.
400
Understanding the conditions under which a given behavior or mental process occurs.
What is explanation.
400
Type of research conducted for the advancement of practical knowledge, rather than for practical application.
What is basic research.
400
The use of interviews and/or questionnaires to gather information about the attitudes, beliefs, experiences or behaviors of a group of people.
What is a survey. >> can provide accurate information about large groups of people >> responses may be inaccurate or not representative of the population
400
Phenomenon that occurs when a response to a treatment is due to previous expectations regarding the treatments rather than the treatment itself.
What is the placebo effect.
400
Reasons animals are used in research.
1) provide a simpler model of human processes 2) exercise more control over animals 3) wider range of treatments can be applied 4) easier to study entire life span and multiple generations 5) cheaper to use / more convenient
500
Describing a phenomenon by making accurate notes about the behaviors or situations we observe.
What is description.
500
Type of research conducted for the purpose of solving practical problems.
What is applied research.
500
The proportion of a population selected for a study, from which generalizations are made about the entire population.
What is a sample.
500
Experimental procedure in which neither the observers or the participants know who is in the experimental control groups.
What is the double-blind technique. >> a way to control experimenter bias
500
Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists' rules on deception.
1) justified by the value of potential findings only if situations where deception cannot be used exist 2) participants are not deceived about risks that might affect their willingness to participate 3) participants are debriefed as soon as possible after the experiment
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