Main symptoms/key features pt. 1
Melissa is a college student who has always cared a lot about her grades. Lately, she has been feeling overwhelmed and like she needs to be constantly doing schoolwork, even if something isn’t due. Her worry is beginning to impact her sleep, making her tired and have decreased performance. She has been not spending time with friends because of how much she feels she should be doing homework more. What diagnosis would her symptoms be in line with?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Define the criteria and symptoms for Major Depressive Disorder. What are the additional criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder?
MDD: 5 or more of the symptoms more days than not in a 2 week period
Depressed mood, diminished interest in activity, changes in weight, insomnia/hypersomnia, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt, diminished concentration, recurrent thoughts of death or self-harm
PDD: Symptoms of MDD for at least 2 years of depressed mood and at least 2 other depressive symptoms
No pauses over 2 months and no mania
Compare and contrast bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder.
Bulimia: Recurrent episodes of binge eating with inappropriate compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain
Binge eating disorder: recurrent binge eating without a compensatory behavior
Both: Include a binging and have self evaluation that unduly influences by body weight/ shape
What are some possible causes/ risk factors of anxiety disorders?
Combination of genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and psychological influences. There is influence of hypersensitivity to signs of physical arousal, through learning or observing others actions, family history, magnitude of trauma (PTSD), dysfunction in specific brain regions (OCD)
The westernized culture of emphasis on a thin body type and diet culture, including increased media representation of weight may influence this type of disorder.
Eating Disorders
Explain sociopathy vs psychopathy.
Psychopathy: Umbrella term describing patterns of lack of empathy, manipulative behaviors, etc. Not a formal diagnosis! Associated with Antisocial Personality Disorder
Sociopathy: Set of traits involving lack of awareness of right or wrong, is not motivated to harm or control others (PURPOSE & INTENTION). Not a formal diagnosis!
If a person has an intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, persistent behavior interfering with weight gain despite low weight and a disturbance in their perception of body weight/shape, they may be suffering from ________________.
Anorexia Nervosa
Give some symptoms of dissociation.
Depersonalization
Derealization
Can include flashbacks
Someone is showing deficits in the brain regions consistent with those consistent with self-awareness, prefrontal cortex, and limbic system. They also have a past of extreme abuse and lack of gray matter in their brain. What type of disorders are these possible causes of?
Dissociative & Schizophrenic disorders
These disorders are more common in women and driven by socioeconomic factors, internalized expectations, increased environmental stress and racial disparities.
Anxiety disorders
Francine tells you she has been hearing voices telling her that she is not good enough, these are in voices of people she knows and people she doesn’t. You have noticed that she is responding when nothing is said and has been pushing you away, saying that you are plotting against her. She has stopped talking to any of her friends, and withdrawals from social interactions. What diagnosis would her symptoms be in line with?
Schizophrenia
Consider the definition: a person experienced and event that had actual or threatened death, harm or sexual violence. What diagnosis is this? What are some symptoms?
PTSD, symptoms: Intrusive memories or flashbacks, nightmares, physiological reactions (e.g., sweating, heart palpitations) when reminded of the trauma
Symptoms can include: Intrusive memories or flashbacks, Nightmares, Physiological reactions (e.g., sweating, heart palpitations) when reminded of the trauma
What are cluster A personality disorders characterized by? 50 extra points for each disorder you can mention?
They are characterized by odd or eccentric patterns.
This cluster includes Paranoid Personality Disorder, Schizoid Personality Disorder and Schizotypal Personality Disorder
Those who experience decreases in brain activity of serotonin, intense family criticism, and fixations on perfectionism may have a higher risk of which type of disorders?
Eating disorders
Although this type of disorder occurs globally, it is talked about differently across cultures. What type of disorder is this?
Mood disorders - MDD
When Claire was a young child she experienced emotional and physical abuse from her parents. She has been going to a therapist for anxiety and says that she has unexplained memory gaps and will end up in places and she doesn’t remember how she got there. She has been writing this off as anxiety. Her friends have expressed confusion over some of her interests as they seem everchanging.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Alex is 17 and has had trouble keeping a job for a while now. He gets a job, but then he goes through a week or week and a half where he shows up late, if at all, doesn’t sleep, takes random trips, and spends all the money he currently earns. He has lost 3 jobs either by getting fired or quitting. After this episode, he regrets it all and is very distraught over his job situation and lack of money. What diagnosis would his symptoms be in line with?
Bipolar 1 - mania
What are cluster B personality disorders characterized by? 50 extra points for each disorder you can mention?
They are characterized by dramatic or unpredictable behaviors.
This cluster includes Antisocial Personality Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, Histrionic Personality Disorder and Narcissistic Personality Disorder
As biological, psychological and environmental factors all play a role in the presence of this category of disorders, children who have a difficult temperament with parents who are not receptive or have previous neglect or abuse may be more likely to suffer from what types of disorders?
Personality disorders
Parenting in individualistic cultures differs from that in collectivist cultures. This can have an influence on what type of disorder?
Personality Disorders
How do Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder compare and contrast?
OCD is ego dystonic
OCPD is ego syntonic
Karly has been having recurrent periods of about 4-5 days where she is not tired, sleeps about 3 hours a night but otherwise takes on more tasks at work and cleans his house vigorously. She is more irritable and has mood swings, and after these few days she becomes tired and crashes. What diagnosis would her symptoms be in line with?
Bipolar 2 - hypomania
What are cluster C personality disorders characterized by? 50 extra points for each disorder you can mention?
They are characterized by anxious or fearful behavior.
This cluster includes Avoidant Personality Disorder, Dependant Personality Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder
Those who experience brain chemistry imbalances, low self esteem and environmental stressors may be more vulnerable to which type of disorders?
Mood Disorders
This type of disorder varies based on culture and religious beliefs. It is also everchanging with the current world.
Schizophrenia disorders