Exam 1
Psychology refers to the:
a. Empirical study of humanity
b. Experiemntal study of individuals
c. Scientific study of the mind and behavior
d. Systematic study of human interaction
c. Scientific study of the mind and behavior
Which is the specialized cell that receives and transmits chemical and electrical signals?
a. Neurons
b. Glial
c. Myelin
d. Zygote
a. Neurons
________ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor.
a. Perception; transduction
b. Perception; sensation
c. Transduction; perception
d. Sensation; perception
b. Perception; sensation
In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.
a. Conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response
b. Neutral response and a conditioned response
c. Neutral stimulus and a neutral response
d. Neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
d. Neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus
Within the field of social psychology, a script is defined as a ________.
a. Person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting
b. Prescription for psychotropic medicine
c. Set of instructions to be carried out without deviation
d. Written record of a person’s history, including their actions and qualities
a. Person’s knowledge about the sequence of events in a specific setting
Which of the following choices refers to a broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?
a. Critical thinking
b. Hypothesis
c. Statistical validation
d. Scientific theory
d. Scientific theory
Which is not a lobe of the brain?
a. Temporal lobe
b. Parietal lobe
c. Fracture lobe
d. Occipital lobe
c. Fracture lobe
________ amplitudes are associated with ________ sounds.
a. higher; louder
b. higher; quieter
c. higher; weaker
d. lower; louder
a. higher; louder
What is the main idea of operant conditioning?
a. Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.
b. Fear is a conditioned response.
c. Learning can occur when a conditioned stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
d. One can learn new behaviors by observing others.
a. Behavior is motivated by the consequences we receive for the behavior: reinforcements and punishments.
Carl Jung’s view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________.
a. Collective unconscious
b. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
c. Rorschach Inkblot Test
d. Tell-me-a-story thematic Apperception Test (TEMAS)
b. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
A(n) ________ , also known as an operant chamber, is an instrument that isolates an animal from the external environment and allows a researcher to control that animal’s rewards and punishments
a. Gestalt room
b. Isolation chamber
c. Skinner box
d. Watson manipulator
c. skinner box
A group of preschool-age children are enrolled in a study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behaviors and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ________ design.
a. Cross sectional
b. Experimental
c. Longitudinal
d. Survey
c. Longitudinal
Peter walks into a brightly lit Psychology lab to participate in an experiment involving the ability to perceive the colors of the rainbow. Which photoreceptors will be most useful during this experiment?
a. Cones
b. Fovea
c. Lens
d. Rods
a. Cones
Dave’s boss told him that he doesn’t have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave’s boss is using ________.
a. Negative punishment
b. Negative reinforcement
c. Positive punishment
d. Positive reinforcement
b. Negative reinforcement
Tesla crafts imitation dream catchers in her spare time. Her father constantly encourages her to sell them on eBay. When she finally agrees to sell them, she notices that while she still enjoys making the dream catchers, she no longer does it for fun—she does it to make money. This is an example of the ________ effect.
d. Overjustification
For which concept is abraham maslow best known?
a. Classical conditioning of non-human animals
b. ream analysis for the latent and manifest content of a dream
c. Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
d. The influence of reinforcement and punishment on behavior
c. Proposing a hierarchy of human needs in motivating behavior
Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________.
a. Conscience
b. Consciousness
c. Rem sleep
d. Unconsciousness
b. Consciousness
What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that
results from experience?
a. Short-Term memory
b. Instincts
c. Learning
d. Reflexes
c. Learning
What is the confirmation bias?
a. Believing the event you just experienced was predictable
b. Focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs
c. Focusing only on one piece of information when making a decision
d. Stereotyping someone or something unintentionally
b. Focusing on information that confirms your existing beliefs
Which of the following exemplifies the unconditional positive regard component of client-centered therapy?
a. Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.
b. Boris tells his therapist that that he needs stronger medication and his therapist prescribes it.
c. Natasha is late for her therapy session and her therapist believes she did this because she unconsciously dislikes therapy.
d. Xavier receives a hug from the doctor when he arrives on time; he does not get a hug when he arrives late.
a. Abby tells her therapist that she tripped a small child who got in her way, and her therapist accepts this information without judgment.
Which nervous system is responsible for resting and digesting?
a. The central nervous system
b. The peripheral nervous system
c. The sympathetic nervous system
d. The parasympathetic nervous system
d. The parasympathetic nervous system
Mohammed is sleeping. His eyelids are quivering because his eyes are darting around. Mohammed is probably experiencing ________ sleep.
a. Night terrors
b. Non-rem
c. Nrem
d. Rem
d. Rem
Which type of processing involves the interpretation of sensations and is influenced by available knowledge and expectancies?
a. bottom-up
b. inside-out
c. outside-in
d. top-down
a. bottom-up
What is episodic memory?
a. Information about events we have personally experienced
b. Knowledge about words, concepts, and language-based knowledge and facts
c. Storage of facts and events we have personally experienced
d. Type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things
a. Information about events we have personally experienced
Which of the following is NOT one of the age categories in late adulthood?
d. The Oldest (85-100)