Key Terms
Changing behavior to match a group.
What is Conformity
Examples:
Wearing the same style of clothes as friends to fit in
Laughing at a joke because everyone else is laughing
Agreeing with classmates even when you’re unsure
Doing what the rest of the group wants to avoid conflict
Who is the psychologist that studied conformity with a line comparison experiment?
Who is Solomon Asch?
Examples of Study:
People agreed with wrong answers just to fit in.
Participants changed their answers to match the group.
Peer pressure can make people ignore what they know is correct.
Repeated exposure to something usually increases how much we like it.
True
Slide 17: Mere Exposure Effect
When a person explains their own success as being due to hard work but blames failures on bad luck, this is called:
a) fundamental attribution error
b) self-serving bias
c) false consensus effect
d) group polarization
B. Self-serving bias
Slide 8: Biases and Attribution
People work less hard when they are in a group than when they are alone.
What is Social Loafing
A tendency to respond in certain ways toward specific things.
What is Attitude
Examples:
Liking or disliking a particular music genre
Having a positive attitude toward school
Feeling negatively about a certain food
Preferring one sports team over another
Who is the researcher that studied obedience to authority with shock experiments?
Who is Stanley Milgram?
Examples of study:
Ordinary people followed orders even when it hurt others.
Participants obeyed an authority figure instead of their own conscience.
Shows how powerful authority can be over behavior.
The Door-in-the-Face technique means making a large request first and then following it with a smaller, more reasonable request.
True
Slide 5: Compliance Strategies
Feeling obligated to return a favor after someone has done something for you is known as:
a) foot-in-the-door
b) norms of reciprocity
c) peripheral persuasion
d) social facilitation
B. Norms of reciprocity
Slide 5 – Compliance Strategies
People lose self-awareness and self-control when they are part of a large crowd.
What is Deindividuation
The study of how people’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by others.
What is Social Psychology
Philip Zimbardo
Who conducted the Stanford Prison Experiment to study how roles affect behavior?
Examples of Study:
Students acting as guards became harsh and controlling.
People changed how they acted based on the role they were given.
Shows how situations can influence personality.
According to the Norms of Reciprocity, people feel pressure to return favors that others have done for them.
True
Slide 5: Compliance Strategies
Which route to persuasion relies on logic, careful thinking, and strong arguments?
a) peripheral route
b) emotional route
c) central route
d) dispositional route
C
Slide 2 – Central Route vs. Peripheral Route
Group members ignore doubts in order to keep harmony and avoid conflict.
What is Groupthink?
The direct attempt to influence attitudes.
What is Persuasion
Examples:
A commercial trying to convince you to buy a product
A friend convincing you to watch a new show
A campaign ad trying to change your opinion
A teacher encouraging students to study
Leon Festinger
Who developed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
Examples of Study:
Feeling uncomfortable when your actions don’t match your beliefs.
Changing your attitude to justify something you did.
Example: saying cheating was okay because the test was unfair.
Similarity usually decreases attraction between people.
False
Slide 19: Similarity and Attraction
Which factor of attraction refers to being physically near someone on a regular basis?
a) similarity
b) proximity
c) reciprocal liking
d) social facilitation
B – Proximity
Slide 17 – Proximity
People are less likely to help someone in need when there are many witnesses around.
What is the Bystander Effect?
Attraction between opposite types of people.
What is Complementarity?
Examples:
A quiet person being attracted to an outgoing partner
A serious student dating someone more relaxed
A leader working well with a supportive follower
Friends who have opposite but balancing personalities
Shows that performance improves on easy tasks but worsens on difficult tasks in front of others.
What is Social Facilitation Theory?
Examples:
Playing better at an easy sport with an audience
Performing worse on a hard test in front of others
In-group bias means people tend to favor members of their own group over outsiders.
True
Slide 11- In-Group Bias
When people look to others to decide how to act in an emergency and mistakenly assume no action is needed, this is called:
a) diffusion of responsibility
b) pluralistic ignorance
c) group polarization
d) deindividuation
B – Pluralistic Ignorance
Slide 15 – Prosocial Behavior / Bystander Effect
People tend to overestimate personality and underestimate the situation when explaining others’ behavior.
What is Fundamental Attribution Error?