Methods
The tendency to exaggerate foresight of an outcome after knowing it happened.
Hindsight Bias
A judgement that relies on how easily something comes to mind.
Availability heuristic.
Drawing conclusions (about personality or skills) based on extremely brief samples of behavior.
Thin slices.
The tendency for people to remember information better if they relate it to themselves.
Self-reference effect.
This motivates changes in behavior or cognition to get rid of cognitive dissonance.
Feelings of discomfort (hippocracy).
This type of study can determine causality.
Experimental Design
Expectation becomes reality as a result of pre-held beliefs.
Self-fulfilling prophecy.
When someone smiles at you, you have to _____ this non-verbal behavior.
In general, people are ____ at affective forecasting.
Bad.
Justification of effort. (effort heuristic)
Describe Correlation coefficients.
1 and -1 are perfect correlations. 0 is no correlation.
Controlled thinking requires...
Cognitive resources, Motivation and Practice.
The 3 parts of the covariation model are
Consensus, Consistency, Distinctiveness info.
The act of looking inward and examining our thoughts, feelings and motives.
Introspection.
Adding consonant cognitions through counter examples.
In the methods of a study, people have an equal likelihood of being in any of the conditions.
Random Assignment.
Assumptions, stereotypes, automatic thinking.
According to Ekman, how many universal emotions are there?
Bumper stickers or branded clothing are examples of ______.
Identity cues.
If someone gets a warning from a cop while speeding, they are ____ likely to do it again due to _____.
Less likely due to insufficient punishment.
These are 4 ways to control for external validity.
Mundane Realism, Psychological realism, Replications, Meta-analysis.
The opposite of thought suppression.
Thought replacement (reframing).
What makes Fundamental Attribution Error so salient?
Self-esteem maintinence, self-presentation
According to self-esteem theory, do people with poor self-views want people to think of them poorly?
Post-decision dissonance would be _____ after choosing which college to attend vs. picking what to eat for lunch.
Greater.