Scale Design
A correlation-based statistic commonly used to determine internal reliability.
Cronbach’s alpha
The withholding of some details of a study from participants or the act of actively lying to them.
deception
Generally, what is the main type of validity prioritized in experimental studies?
Internal Validity
When researchers perform a study again.
Replication
According to what we've learned in class about the shape of an APA-style empirical paper, both the end of the intro and beginning of the discussion should be more ____ than the start of the intro and end of the discussion.
narrow/specific
A helpful tool for visualizing test-retest reliability and interrater reliability is a:
A scatterplot.
When research is ethical these two things are balanced against each other.
Risk to participants versus benefit to participants and society (e.g., value of the knowledge gained)
Experiments use random assignment to avoid what main issue.
Selection effects
In conducting quasi experiments, researchers tend to give up some ______ in exchange for ______.
Internal validity; External validity
A limitations section should include threats to both _________ and _____ validity.
internal and external
This technique increases accurate responding on psychological scales.
Reverse-worded questions
To inform participants afterward about a study's true nature, details, and hypotheses
Debrief
This threat can be reduced by using two different dependent measure to assess the same construct over time.
testing effects
These cultures have very low generalizability.
WEIRD
1 min: Write an in text citation for:
Tsai, W. & Kimel, S. (2021). When and how supporting others can improve life satisfaction: A longitudinal study examining collectivistic values. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 27(3), 505–510.
(Tsai & Kimel, 2021)
This technique is used to control order effects in a study.
Counterbalancing
The use of debriefing appeals to this principle of the Belmont Report.
Principle of beneficence
Measurement error, individual differences, and situation noise can increase _________-group variance and lead to null effects.
within
____ replication involves exploring the same research question but using different procedures.
conceptual
The intro body paragraph/s should include: 1. synthesized review of the relevant previous literature and 2. ______________
gaps in the literature
After examining surveys you collected from Culture X, you find that people’s responses tend to gather toward the center of your scale.
Fence Sitting / moderacy bias
How do data falsification and fabrication hinder scientific advancement
spread misinformation
A cover story and "filler" measures can reduce this threat to internal validity
demand characteristics
Analysis technique that examines previous published -- and unpublished studies -- in order to help quantify whether or not there is an effect and how big.
Meta-analysis
2 minute: Imagine a proposed study in which all participants rate their level of warmth towards Chinese people, then are asked to recall and write about a disgusting event that happened to them and, finally, again are asked to rate their level of warmth towards Chinese people. What is flawed? List this study's two most important threats to validity. Be specific.
Internal
-lack of random assignment and/or lack of control group (mandatory)
-demand characteristics
-testing threat (measure of warmth given 2x)