Perspective
What are some key parts of the Biological perspective?
how genetics influence different behaviors, how damage to specific areas of the brain influence behavior and personality
a way of looking at psychological issues by studying the physical basis of animal and human behavior
Pavlov and Skinner
Difference between psychiatrist and psychologist.
Psychiatrist: a medical practitioner specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental illnesses
Psychologist: a person who studies normal and abnormal mental states, cognitive, emotional, and social processes and behavior by observing, interpreting, and recording how individuals relate to one another and to their environments
What is the definition of Critical Thinking?
Thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Rather, it examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions
What is a normal curve?
Also known as normal distribution
a symmetrical bell curve that describes the distribution of many types of date; most scores fall near the mean (about 68% fall within one standard deviation of it) and fewer and fewer near the extremes
What are some key parts of the Cognitive perspective?
how we encode, process, store, and retrieve information
concerned with mental functions such as memory, perception, attention etc.
"the mental act or process by which knowledge is acquired"
Wundt
What is the definition of psychology?
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
What is the difference between theory and hypothesis?
Theory: An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events
Hypothesis: A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
Difference between Descriptive and Inferential Statistics?
Descriptive Statistics: numbers used to present a collection of data in a brief yet meaningful form
Inferential Statistics: a set of procedures for determining what conclusions can be legitimately drawn from a set of data
What are some key parts of Behavioral perspective?
how we learn observable responses
how environmental factors affect observable behavior
Pavlov and Skinner
Advantages: simple, cheap, easy
Disadvantage: people lie
What is intuition?
An effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought as contrasting with explicit conscious reasoning
What is a skewed distribution?
distribution in which the majority of the data fall toward one side of the sale or the other
What are some key parts of the Biological perspective?
how genetics influence different behavior
how damage to specific areas of the brain influence behavior and personality
Darwin
What is a hypothesis?
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory
What word matches the definition?: The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it (I knew it all along phenomenon)
Hindsight Bias
What are the measures of central tendency and some examples?
a way of measuring what the majority of people are scoring
ex: mean, median, mode
What is the difference between Functionalism and Structuralism?
Functionalism: early school of through promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function- how they enable the organisms to adapt, survive, and flourish
Structuralism: early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener; used introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind
What are some components of an experiment and its definitions?
Laboratory experiment: a way to study people in a controlled experiment
Random sample: selected by chance- everyone in the target population has an equal chance of being selected
Dependent variable: considered to be the effect, it is dependent on the change in the independent variable if there is a cause-effect relationship
Independent Variable: the "treatment" which is being manipulated to see if it causes a change
Double Blind procedure: neither the subjects or the experimenters working with the subjects are aware of who is getting the treatment
Control Group: all things same except for a change in the independent variable
Experimental Group: receives "treatment"
Who is Philip Tetlock?
University of Pennsylvania psychologist. He collected more than 27,000 expert predictions of world events (Like the future of South Africa or whether Quebec would separate from Canada)
a measure of reliability which can take place into account two separate conditions and takes into account both the size of the mean difference as well as the variability into two distributions
the greater the mean difference and less variability, the less likely the results happen by chance