a type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections, in which the response is conditional on the stimulus
What is conditioning
100
learning that is strengthened when behavior is followed by positive reinforcement
What is operant conditioning
100
a therapy procedure based on classical conditioning that replaces a negative response to a stimulus with a positive response
What is counterconditioning
100
a type of conditioned learning in which only some responses are reinforced
What is partial reinforcement
100
a feature in the environment that is detected by an organism or that leads to a change in behavior
What is stimulus
200
a type of learning where a neutral stimulus elicits a previously unconditioned stimulus when the neutral stimulus is continually paired with the unconditioned stimulus that normally causes an unconditioned response
What is classical conditioning
200
a stimulus or event that follows a response and increases the frequency of that response
What is reinforcement
200
based on the principles of classical conditioning, a fear-reduction technique that involves exposing the individual to a harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished
What is flooding
200
learning by observing and imitating the behavior of others
What is observational learning
200
an observable reaction to a stimulus
What is response
300
in classical conditioning, the disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus no longer follows a conditioned stimulus
What is extinction
300
encouraging stimuli that increase the frequency of a behavior when they are presented
What is positive reinforcers
300
a type of counterconditioning, used to treat phobias, in which a pleasant, relaxed state is associated with gradually anxiety-triggering stimuli
What is systematic desensitization
300
in classical conditioning, the ability to distinguish the conditioned stimulus from other stimuli that are similar
What is discrimination
300
a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus
What is conditioned response
400
the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed
What is spontaneous recovery
400
the reinforcement of a desired response every time it occurs
What is continuous reinforcement
400
a type of classical conditioning in which a previously desirable or neutral food comes to be perceived as repugnant because it is associated with negative stimulation
What is taste aversion
400
learning that occurs but remains hidden until there is a need to use it
What is latent learning
400
in classical conditioning, an unlearned response
What is unconditioned response
500
the tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics
What is generalization
500
an unpleasant stimulus that increases the frequency of a behavior when it is removed
What is negative reinforcers
500
in operant conditioning, a procedure in which reinforcement guides behavior towards closer approximations of a desired goal
What is shaping
500
a timetable for when and how often reinforcement for a particular behavior occurs
What is schedules of reinforcement
500
in classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits an unlearned, naturally occurring response