Vocab
accuracy of a given result in measuring what it is designed to measure
Validity
consistency and reproducibility of a given result
Reliability
begins with generalization, hypothesis, that is then used to reach logical conclusions about the real world
Deductive reasoning
list of questions to be answered by research participants, easy to collect data from a large amount of people; data is very generalized and does NOT go into depth
Surveys
well-developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed phenomena
Theory
method of experiment group assignment in which all participants have an equal chance of being assigned to either group
Random Assignment
testable prediction about how the world will behave if our idea is correct and it is often worded as an if-then statement; bridges the gap between the realm of ideas and the real world
Hypothesis
observing behavior in its natural setting requiring observer to be as unobtrusive as possible; while info is invaluable in studying animal behavior, its very difficult to set up and control
two variables change in the same direction, both becoming larger or smaller
Positive Correlation
experimental research puts more emphasis on ……… reasoning
deductive
focuses on one person or just a few individuals, allows researcher to develop deep understandings, but makes it impossible to generalize observations to the larger population as a whole.
Case Studies
Single Blind Study
subset of a larger population in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected
Random sample
uses empirical observations to construct broad generalizations (hypothesis)
Inductive Reasoning
relies on looking at the past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships; researcher never directly interacts with participants, no guaranteed consistency
Archival Research
subset of individuals selected from the larger population
sample
People's expectations or beliefs influencing or determining their experience in a given situation
placebo effect
list the 5 things that make up the scientific method
1. create a theory
2. Hypothesis
3. Design a study to test the hypothesis
4. Perform Research
5. create or modify theory
Longitudinal vs Cross- sectional
Longitudinal: testing the same group of individuals over an extended period of time; used for various diseases and risk factors
Cross Sectional: compares multiple segments of the population at the same time; can be generalized confidently