Research Methods 1
A researcher sends each participant into a fake "office" room set-up with typical "office" objects and weird "random" objects. After this he has them record what objects they remember seeing.
What type of experiment is this?
Lab!
State & explain 1 type of bias
...
What are our mental frameworks used to represent our understanding of the world called?
Schema!
In Eysenck's PEN test, the Psychoticism score measures what traits?
antisocial behaviors, acting cold, lacking empathy
What does social learning theory tell us about how we develop behaviors?
We learn through observing/imitating others (role models)
State three types of research methods!
(bonus 100 pts: state a fourth research method)
Lab/True, Field, Natural
Quasi
high control, good cause-effect relationship, replicable
State 2 inconsistencies in memory according to the Reconstructive Theory of Memory
(bonus 100 pts: one of these inconsistencies can be broken down into two types, name these!)
Omissions, Transformations
What was the accident that happened to Phineas Gage and how did the accident affect his behavior?
An iron rod impaled him in the head during an accident at work
He was more irritable/impatient and had trouble regulating his emotions.
TRUE or FALSE:
According to Social Identity Theory, people categorize themselves into in-groups and out-groups only on meaningful traits/characteristics.
False!
The minimal group paradigm states that groups can be defined by arbitrary measures!!
Define stratified sampling
When small groups within the population are represented proportionally in the experiment sample.
State one way to reduce demand characteristics!
fake aim, deception, double blind, etc.
What are the three memory stores in the Multi-Store Model of Memory?
Sensory Register, Short-term Memory, Long-term Memory
Relate the Nature & Nurture debate to the Eysenck Personality Test
The Eysenck Personality states that only certain people are disposed to become criminals based on their Psychoticism. This leans heavily on the nature side of the debate where people are supposedly "born" criminals.
What are the three parts of Social Identity Theory?
Categorization, identification, comparison
What is a case study?
(bonus 100 pts: when is using a case study appropriate?)
The researcher decides to study a specific, very small group of people with great detail. Sometimes this might only be one person.
When the phenomenon that is to be studied is very rare & cannot be ethically simulated by the researcher.
What is an ethical consideration we did when conducting the Loftus and Palmer experiment?
Informed consent: ask if they are comfortable with watching a car crash and having their data recorded
Relate the Reconstructive Theory of Memory to eyewitness testimonies!
Memory is not an exact copy --> therefore it is difficult to trust testimonies
What are the left and right hemisphere of the brain associated with?
left: language
right: spatial tasks
Briefly describe the findings of the famous "Pavlov's Dogs" experiment
Pavlov found that he could condition dogs to salivate (biological response) at the sound of a bell (conditioned stimulus) as they would associate this bell with food!
A researcher sends each participant into a fake "office" room set-up with typical "office" objects and weird "random" objects. After this he has them record what objects they remember seeing.
What type of research design is this?
Repeated measures!
What is ecological validity?
Which process is schema involved in, according to the Multi-Store Model of Memory
(bonus 100 pts: which memory store is used in this process?)
Retrieval
Long-term Memory
What was the region of the brain that was impaired during Phineas Gage's accident?
Ventromedial Region
In Tajfel's Social Identity Theory study, he found that the participants prioritized the ___ in points between the in-group and out-group rather than the total amount of points between both groups. This proved how arbitrary groups can cause favoritism and discrimination.
difference
Prioritizing the difference in points showed that they valued comparing the two groups rather than having the most points in total