States of Consciousness
What state of consciousness do you only focus on 1 stimuli and can be oblivious to surroundings?
selective attention
What are the 3 psychological indicators?
heart rate, galvanic skin response (GSR), and brainwaves
define pro social behaviour with examples
voluntary, intentional behaviour that is positive, helpful and intended to benefit other, without expectation of personal gain.
Eg. donating to charity, helping to carry groceries, volunteering, etc.
What are the 3 determinants of liking?
Similarity, proximity, and reciprocity
what is informed consent and why is it important?
the process where researchers working with human participants describe their research project and obtain the subjects' consent to participate in the research based on the subjects' understanding of the project's methods and goals
Define daydreaming with an example
Attention shifts from external stimuli to internal stimuli.
Eg. thinking about a holiday/scenario/place/people, etc.
what does galvanic skin response measure?
measurement of sweat. changes in GSR = changes in emotions/sweat produced
define anti social behaviour with examples
voluntary, intentional behaviour that harms others or disrupts the social order
Eg. bullying, vandalism, aggressive behaviour, etc.
what are the 3 categories of proximity with definitions
familiarity = seeing some one more, more likely to like them more
availability = easier it is to see some one, increases the liking of them
expectation = if you live closer, you expect to see them more
describe qualitative data
data that describe the changes in the quality of a behaviour
Eg. personal accounts, description of feelings, etc
Define hypnosis with an example
sleep like state of deep relaxation, and artificially induced state.
Eg. can be used in medical capacity, heightened suggestibility, etc.
what are the different types of brainwaves ad there states of consciousness
Beta - awake and mentally active (14-30Hz)
Alpha - awake and resting (8-13Hz)
Theta - sleeping (4-7Hz)
Delta - deep sleep (<3.5Hz)
what are the 3 types of anti social behaviours, with definitions
personal - targets specific individual/group
nuisance - cause trouble, annoyance or suffering to a community
environment - affects wider environment
define sensation with examples
process of sensing our environment though touch, taste, sight, sound and smell
Eg. the touch of a hand, sound of birds, taste of fruits, etc.
describe quantitative data
data collected through systematic and controlled methodology and represented in numerical form
What stage of sleep does REM occur?
stage 4, very deep sleep with dreaming occurring
how does heart rate indicate different levels of consciousness?
changes in heart rate can indicate emotional changes, stress or relation
high spikes can signal stress, physical activity, etc
low spikes can signal relaxation, rest, reduced consciousness, etc
state influences on pro social behaviour
empathy, social norms, mood, moral values
define perception with examples
is the way we interpret and organize sensory information to give it meaning.
Eg. smell something bad and avoid it, touch something hot you release and react to sensation
what are the ethics to consider before conducting an experiment?
ethics = moral principals and codes of behaviour
confidentiality, withdrawal rights, informed consent, voluntary participation
What are the 6 states of consciousness in order
selective attention, divided attention, daydreaming, mediation, hypnosis, sleeping
define brainwaves
different electrical patterns of activities occur during different states of consciousness
Describe the social learning theory and how it influences development of social behaviour
suggests that people learn new behaviours by observing and imitating others, particularly role models.
Application in real life: media influence, parenting and teaching, pro social and anti social behaviour
define cognition with examples
cognition is the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and senses
Eg. learning a new language, solving a puzzle, remembering a phone number, etc.
what are the steps for planning and conducting research
1. identify the research problem
2. formulate a hypothesis
3. design the method
4. collect the data
5. analyse the data
6. interpret the results
7. report findings