therapy
two main types of therapy:
biomedical and psychotherapy
the three Ds that define abnormal behavior/disorder
Deviance, Dysfunction, Distress
decline in functioning prior to full onset of symptoms
prodrome
two neurotransmitters that contribute to anxiety disorders:
serotonin and glutamate
this technique involves introducing a hierarchy of fears
systematic desensitization
the three perspectives within psychotherapy:
behavioral, cognitive, psychodynamic
intense fear of public places/situations that escalates to not leaving the house
agoraphobia
chronic v acute
chronic: slow-developing, resistant to meds
acute: caused by stressors, more treatable
the ____ system in the brain operates differently in people with depression
vulnerability-stress model:
individual dispositions + environmental stressors = disorder
therapy involving uncovering unconscious thoughts:
______ are more likely to suffer from psychological disorders
women
3 brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia
1. increase in dopamine receptors
2. low activity in frontal lobe
3. fluid-filled vesicles and shrinkage/thinning of cerebral tissue
two neurotransmitters that contribute to depression:
serotonin and norepinephrine
token economy:
form of operant conditioning. people earn 'tokens' for desired behavior that they can exchange for treats/privileges
therapy involving teaching new adaptive techniques/routines
behavioral
stress-inoculation training
aka 'positive self talk'
main prenatal risk factor of developing schizophrenia
mother has flu (especially in second trimester, when placenta is developing)
in brains with bipolar disorder, there is ____ myelinated axons and ____ fluid-filled ventricles
decreased, increased
women in western cultures are most vulnerable to depression because:
women tend to ruminate (overthink) and individualistic culture makes them blame themselves for every perceived failure
therapy involving restructuring faulty beliefs/perspectives
cognitive
nutrition and disorders:
heart-healthy foods are also good for cognitive function
if parent/sibling has schizophrenia, odds are ____. if identical twin (that shared placenta) has it, odds are ___
1/10, 6/10
depression shows abnormal activity in the ____ lobe
frontal
cognitive-behavioral therapy:
makes people aware of thought patterns and aims to change behaviors to be more adaptive