Defining Psychology
The official definition of psychology is the science of ______ and ______.
What are behavior and mental processes?
Ancient Chinese scholars created tests to measure these.
What are abilities or intelligence?
Known as the father of modern psychology, he opened the first psychology laboratory in 1879.
Who is Wilhelm Wundt?
This perspective focuses only on observable behavior, rewards, and punishments.
What is the behavioral perspective?
Founder of behaviorism who studied observable actions, not thoughts.
Who is John B. Watson?
The five goals of psychology are: Describe, Explain, Predict, Control, and ______.
What is Improve?
This philosopher introduced the idea of the mind and body as separate but interacting (interactive dualism).
Who is René Descartes?
Wundt’s school of thought, which broke down the mind into elements using introspection.
What is Structuralism?
This perspective studies thinking, reasoning, memory, and problem solving.
What is the cognitive perspective?
This psychologist developed the hierarchy of needs.
Who is Abraham Maslow?
Psychologists conduct this type of research to increase knowledge of behavior and mental processes “for its own sake.”
What is basic research?
The British philosopher who believed the mind was a blank slate, or tabula rasa.
Who is John Locke?
The American psychologist who developed functionalism and wrote The Principles of Psychology.
Who is William James?
This perspective, associated with Darwin’s theory, explains behavior through adaptation and survival.
What is the evolutionary perspective?
Known for classical conditioning with dogs, he studied reflexes and learning.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
Applying psychology to help people in areas such as law, education, or health is known as this.
What is applied psychology?
The Greek physician who studied brain function and health, sometimes called the father of medicine.
Who is Hippocrates?
This year marks the official “birth” of psychology as a science.
What is 1879?
This perspective links behavior to brain activity, hormones, and neurotransmitters.
What is the biological (neuroscience) perspective?
This psychologist emphasized client-centered therapy and positive growth.
Who is Carl Rogers?
These goals of psychology involve using the scientific method to benefit society and people’s lives.
What are describing, explaining, predicting, influencing and improving behavior?
During this historical period, philosophers emphasized reason and science as paths to truth.
What is the Enlightenment?
Structuralism studied the “what” of the mind; functionalism studied the ______.
What is the “why” or “how it adapts”?
This perspective emphasizes cultural, social, and group influences on behavior.
What is the sociocultural perspective?
Founder of psychoanalysis, who emphasized unconscious drives and childhood experiences.
Who is Sigmund Freud?