Classical Condtions
Skinner' Boxers
Cogs & Mazes
Mr O's Got a Brand New Bag
Pioneers
100
His famous experiment on the classical conditioning of fear in human infants, while unethical, was extremely effective.
Who is John Watson
100
Learned positive reinforcers such as praise.
What are secondary reinforcers? As opposed to primary reinforcers which are innate and do not have to be acquired thru learning (i.e. food, water, stimulation, physical activity & sexual gratification).
100
Bandura’s term for learning which behaviors are more likely to be reinforced by watching others.
What is Modeling?
100
Pavlov, Watson, Thorndyke and Skinner were all part of this psychological approach.
What is Behaviorism?
100
He pioneered Classical Conditioning. PLUS: How much time did he say was optimal between the CS and the UCS?
Who is Pavlov? .05 seconds
200
The meat powder in Pavlov’s experiment
What is unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
200
A strategy of positively reinforcing behaviors that are successively more similar to desired behaviors
What is Shaping? aka chaining-Skinner used it to get pigeons to play pianos, guitars and other feats of training.
200
Tolman’s clever rats created these: an inferred mental awareness of the structure of a physical space or related elements.
What are Cognitive Maps?
200
Bandura (somewhat), Seligman & Tolman are part of this psychological approach.
What is the Cognitive Approach?
200
He invented the Puzzle Box. PLUS: Name his three laws.
Who is Thorndike? (1) law of effect � (2) law of readiness � (3) law of exercise -
300
The metronome, bell, or buzzer in Pavlov’s famous experiment.
What is the Conditioned Stimulus? A stimulus that comes to elicit (create) a response as a result of being to paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
300
The tendency for responses to occur more often in the presence of one stimulus than others.?
What is stimulus discrimination? the red light instead of the green one
300
Kohler studied this type of cognitive change that involves recognition of previously unseen relationships
What is Insight Learning?
300
A negative reaction to a particular taste that has been associated with nausea or other illness. Researched by John Garcia and others.
What is a learned taste aversion?
300
He pioneered social learning theory with the Bobo Doll Experiment. PLUS: He called watching someone else get rewarded and learning to do the same this...
Who is Bandura? Vicarious Reinforcement
400
The process of eliminating a classically conditioned response by pairing the conditioned stimulus with the incompatible response. In other words, giving a positive reinforcement to a conditioned negative response
What is counterconditioning? Watson should have done it with Little Albert. Mary Cover Jones ?& Watson reduced fear of rabbits by first offering cookies with the bunnies to eliminate the fear & crying.
400
Thorndike's operant conditioning law states that the consequence of a response determines whether the response will be performed in the future.
What is Thorndike’s Law of Effect?
400
Tolman claimed his mice, when wheeled through the mazes, used this to acquire cognitive maps even though they weren't rewarded
What is Latent learning?
400
Bandura's term for someone's personal view of how well or how poorly they can perform a skill or task.
What is Self Efficacy?
400
His experiments with shocking trapped dogs lead to a break through in the causes of depression. PLUS name the term he coined to describe the result of a perceived absence of control over the outcome of a situation.
Who is Seligman? What is Learned Helplessness?
500
A temporary increase in the strength of an extinguished response due to an unrelated stimulus event
What is Disinhibition? Romeo Daillaire and rotting fruit vs. loud noises and PTSD Spontaneous recovery and disinhibition occur during both classical and operant extinction. Extinction is normally a gradual process that may include “relapses” of the target behavior.
500
Fishing and surfing are examples of this positive reinforcement schedule.
What is Variable Interval Schedule?
500
The result of rewarding someone for something they have an intrinsic motivation to do already causes them to lose that motivation.
What is the overjustification Effect? Why the Pizza Hut Reading program doesn't work...
500
The form of negative reinforcement in which behavior is reinforced because it causes a negative event to stop.
What is escape conditioning? Parents who give in on “time out or groundings” because of the whining, wailing and moaning of their kids. Bad strategy. as opposed to avoidance conditioning: Pit Bulls
500
The Breland's pioneered this term which describes unreinforced biological learning. PLUS give me an example involving animals
What is instinctual drift? Raccoons washing tokens or money that represents food
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