First Class
What is the difference between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems?
sympathetic- fight or flight (speed heart rate/breathing)
para- relaxes body after stress (slows breathing and heart rate)
Describe classical conditioning. What does it mean to have a conditioned stimulus? Give an example for 100 bonus points!
one stimulus predicts another (associative learning)
CS= US + NS
example- food pairs with bell causes dogs to salivate at bell
negative views about the world --> negative views about the future --> negative views about oneself-->
What is the ABC model?
antecedent --> behavior --> consequences
Generally describe genograms
similar to family tree, striaght lines show close relationships jagged lines show rocky relationships
What is monism? Give an example
What is the goal of operant conditioning?
to increase or decrease a behavior/response to a stimulus
What did the Harlow experiment show?
monkey sought food first from the wire mother but security and love from felt mother
What is the difference between a predisposing and precipitating factor? (give an example for 200 bonus points each!!)
predisposing- put someone at risk ex. genetic history
precipitating- trigger ex. bad parent relationship causes son to start smoking weed
What is the difference between a coalition and an alliance? (200 bonus points if you describe triangular relationship)
coalition- temporary strategy 2 people take on to harm another person in the family
alliance- more constant structural relationship of members with something in common, not necessarily against someone else
triangular- one parent makes triangle with kids "i have to talk to you about your father..."
What are the differences between biomedical/biopsychosocial/biopsychosocial spiritual models?
-Biomedical- physical systems (brain is an organ)
-Biopsychosocial- mind connected to biological processes (brain contains processes of the mind) ex. monism
-Biopsychosocial spiritual- gives a sense of purpose, can become depressed without sense of purpose
Describe 2 types of reinforcement (besides positive and negative)
-continuous
-interval (fixed/variable)
-ratio (fixed/variable)
What is experiential avoidance? For 300 bonus points describe how psychologists attempt to improve this!
EA- unwillingness to remain in contact with distressing internal experiences -> cognitive inflexibility causes problems with thoughts/feelings/behaviors
therapists try to curb EA through acceptance of experiences and value based behavior
What is the difference between perpetuating and protective factors? (300 bonus points each for examples!!)
perpetuating- maintain behavior/problem ex. malnutrition, excessive exercise perpetuates eating disorder
protective- lower likelihood of problem behavior/outcomes ex. parental supervision, strong social support
Describe at least 3 subsystems of Bronfenbrenner's ecological model (bonus points for more)
-individual
-microsystem (home, school, neighborhood)
-mesosystem (how home, schools, family, relate to one another- relationships between microsystems)
-exosystem- child not involved but affected, (parent workplace, extended family, local government)
-macrosystem (cultural values, beliefs, laws)
What is psychoneuroimmunology? What nervous system is this communicated through?
interactions between behavioral, neural, and immune processes (communicated through autonomic ns)
Describe both types of punishment. Give an example for 400 bonus points!
positive (press a lever get a shock)
negative (screen time taken away to reduce poor behavior)
How does psychological flexibility help our health?
-control impulses (executive functioning)
-ability to process overwhelming environment
-less neurotic
Name any of the first 3 stages of change in Prochaska 6 stages of change model
(400 bonus points for each additional one)
-precontemplation
-contemplation
-preparation
Describe at least 2 family structures (bonus points)
-ideal- healthy boundaries between spousal/sibling subsystems (share some but not others)
-rigid- rigid boundaries between subsystems and outside world
-disengaged- porous boundaries to outside but rigid inside
-enmeshed- porous boundaries to outside but rigid inside (prone to vertical movements like parentalized sibling)
Describe the polyvagal theory and the parts of the vagus nerve? Give an example for 500 bonus points!
theory- role of vagus nerve in emotional regulation, social connection, and fear response
ventral- myelinated (newer), related to social communication ex. want to take a nap when stressed
dorsal- not myelinated (primitive), activated when resources can't cope with situation
example- kid loses mom
-ventral- cries (social response)
-sympathetic ns- fight or flight
-dorsal- paralyzed
how behavior/environment changes the way genes work, events can activate or change parts of your dna
Describe at least 2 attachment styles (500 bonus points for each additional one!!)
-secure
-anxious ambivalent
-avoidant
-disorganized
Name any of the last 3 of 6 stages of change (bonus points for any additional ones)
-action
-maintenance
-relapse
one's networks and social support and how they benefit from them
-individual- secure benefits by virtue of membership to social networks
-collective- norms and networks that facilitate collective action