Cognitive Approach
This model is viewed as an extension of Multi-Store Memory Model by Atkinson & Shiffrin
What is working memory model by Baddley & Hitch
*Note: Must say psychologists names for full points
The ability for the brain's physiology to change over time, allowing the brain to adapt after injury, learn new skills, or adjust to environmental changes.
What is neuroplasticity?
This study is a direct challenge to Loftus and Palmer (1974).
What is Yuille and Cutshall (1986)?
This case study was a pioneer in localizing memory as a function in the hippocampus.
What is The Case of HM (Scoville and Milner (1957))?
This acronym is typically used for ALL ERQ structures, and is four letters/words.
What is DEAL?
Gets to pick another question if they say: Describe, Evidence, Application, Limitations
There are four types of processing in schema, what are they?
*Note: No need to describe for full points, BUT gets to pick another question if they do correctly.
Top-Down Processing: Inputs processed through existing information
Bottom-Up Processing: Challenges or supports existing information
Pattern Recognition: Inputs matched to existing mental representations, making sense of data by matching up what we know.
Effort after meaning: Tendency to change unfamiliar information to fit into existing schemas, even if it distorts the details.
A limitation of this theory is that the human brain is not static.
What is localization of function?
The aim of this study is to determine whether schema activation would improve understanding and recall of an ambiguous text.
What is Bransford & Johnson (1972)?
This is the ONLY study for pheromones
Mishor et al. (2021)
The structure for these kinds of questions typically are: Introduce topic, study, link
What is an SAQ?
An limitation is ignores meaning and schemas, and doesn’t account for how prior knowledge and cultural context shape memory
What is multi-store memory model?
Long-term/high control usage of this steroid hormone is harmful, and can impair memory, weaken immunity, and disrupt mood.
What is cortisol?
This study can be applied to support reconstructive memory AND (to an extent) schema theory
What is Loftus and Palmer (1974)?
Characteristics such as age, intelligence, driving experience, right-handedness and reasoning skills were matched between the participants in the experimental condition and in the control condition in this study
Maguire et al. (2000)
Outline: A brief, general understanding
Describe: Tell me what you know about the topic in as much detail as possible.
Explain: Tell me why something works and demonstrate cause/effect relationship.
This theory was first discussed in the context of Bartlett (1920; 1932) in terms of schema, later discussed in differing contexts including concepts like confabulation
What is Reconstructive Memory?
The existence of this concept is putative.
*Do not define what putative is unless absolutely NOBODY knows.
What are pheromones?
This study was conducted in class by Mr. Bassam last year.
What is Tversky and Kahneman (1974)?
The aim of this study was to see if scopolamine affected hippocampal activity in the creation of spatial memory in HUMANS.
What is Antonova (2011)
Note: Roger and Kesner, does NOT count due to the humans comment.
Concepts, theories, ethical considerations, research methods.
The number one limitation of ANYTHING cognitive
What is reductionist?
This hypothesis by Price (1994) sees depression as part of an “involuntary subordinate strategy”.
What is Social Competition Hypothesis?
This study investigates the serial position effect based on primacy effect and recency effect. Can be used to support MSM.
What is Murdock (1962)?
The sample were monkeys were in groups (3 males, 3 females + offspring), labeled as dom or sub based on observations during the time.
What is Raleigh et al (1984)?
This acronym is used for theories covering every aspect to evaluate, and has six letters/words.
What is TEACUP?
Testable, evidence, applications, constructs, unbiased, and predictions
*Has to say ALL 6 for full points