Learning & Language
Jody repeatedly failed algebra. Finally, she gave up and refused to try again even though her friend offered help. What concept might explain her reluctance?
Learned helplessness
The ability of a person to have a "photographic memory" of the events of 9/11 is an example of:
Flashbulb memory
Assuming that the correct solution is available, which problem-solving strategy will ALWAYS result in a correct solution if you follow the steps?
Algorithm
The optimal amount of stress that people need to promote their health and well-being is called
Eustress
If a person has one gene for blue eyes but actually has brown eyes, blue eyes must be a ________ trait
Your dog comes running at the rattle of the chain on his leash when you get ready to take him for a walk. In this example, what is the conditioned stimulus?
The sound of the leash
Harry was unable to form new declarative memories. He suffered from:
Anterograde Amnesia
A ________ is a mental shortcut, also known as a "rule of thumb"
Heuristic
When a person is frustrated by things that occur at work or school and then yells at a non-threatening target such as a pet or child this is known as:
Displaced Aggression
When Sami enters a room, two students stop their discussion. Sami thinks they were talking about her. This is an example of:
The imaginary audience
You have stopped walking your dog and now he does not come running when he hears the rattle of the leash. What has occurred?
Extinction
________ interference occurs when old information hinders the ability to learn or recall new information, while ________ interference happens when new information interferes with the retrieval of older information
Proactive, Retroactive
Miguel was struggling to answer a question on a test. He moved on to some easier questions, and then suddenly the answer to the difficult question just seemed to "pop" into his head. This is an example of:
Insight
What are hassles?
The common annoyances of everyday life
What is the difference between authoritarian and authoritative parenting?
Authoritarian: too strict, may reduce a child's autonomy and initiative.
Authoritative: the right level of strictness, may promote a child's independence and self-reliance.
In classical conditioning, behavior typically is ________, whereas with operant conditioning behavior is ________.
Involuntary, voluntary
Loss of memory from the point of some injury or trauma backward, or loss of memory of the past is known as:
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to search for evidence that fits one's beliefs while ignoring any evidence that does not fit those beliefs.
Give an example of problem-focused coping
Example should include a person trying to cope with stress by eliminating or changing the stressor directly
What is object permanence?
The knowledge that an object exists even when it is not in sight
A child has been classically conditioned to fear a white rate. If the child DOES show fear when shown a black rat this is called ________. If the child DOES NOT show fear this is called ________.
Stimulus generalization, stimulus discrimination
What is maintenance rehearsal?
The practice of repeating information to be remembered over and over in one's head in order to maintain it in short term memory
If you ask someone to give you as many uses as possible for a piece of paper, what type of thinking is being used?
Divergent
What is emotion-focused coping?
When a person tries to change the impact of a stressor by changing their emotional reaction to the stress.
Explain free-radical theory
Theory of aging that states that unstable oxygen molecules cause damage to surrounding cells