Define
Mainly based on observation, experiments, and evidence. It follows the scientific method, is testable, and can be repeated to confirm results
what is this describing?
Key Features of science
Activities and beliefs that are claimed to be scientific by their proponents and may appear to be scientific at first glance but are not. This happens because of individual motivation our prior knowledge and ability
What does this describe?
Key Features of Pseudoscience
Studying leading to better grades, not watering a plant leads to the plants death, and dropping a glass leading to it shattering are examples of what kind of relation?
Causation
A school wants to test the effects of a new teaching method, but they can’t randomly assign students to different classrooms. Instead they compare existing classes using different methods. What kind of study is this, where groups aren’t randomly assigned?
Quasi-experimental design studies
a variable that is manipulated or changed by a researcher to see if it affects a dependent variable
Independent variable
a variable that changes in response to the independent variable.
Dependent variable
What is it called when everyone in a population has an equal chance of being chosen? For example spinning a wheel or drawing from a hat.
Simple Random Sampling
A form that is sent for subjects to complete but has issues with the possibility of dishonesty
Surveys
a statistical measurement that describes the relationship between two or more variables
Correlation
When ice cream sales increase, drowning incidents also increase. Does eating ice cream cause drowning? No, because there’s a third variable: hot weather, which causes both. This is an example of what kind of variable that creates a false relationship between two others?
Confounding Variable
An entire group that a researcher is interested in studying and understanding more about. For example if a researcher was looking to study college students they would need smaller groups to study since it would be unlikely that they can study all college students. In the example what does all college students represent?
Population
A researcher gives a group of students caffeine before a test and gave another group a placebo, then compares their scores. What type of study is this, where variables are manipulated to establish causation?
Experimental Studies
If the university wanted to collect subjects for an experiment and had an equal number of subjects from each major what kind of sample would this be?
Stratified Random Sample
A researcher is trying to study adults who work 9-5 jobs. The researcher needs a smaller group to be able to perform experiments because it is unlikely that they can test all adults who work 9-5. What is the group of subjects that the researcher is studying to be able to apply that to all adults who work 9-5?
Sample