Emotion
Define happiness
Happiness is a complex construct that relates to wellbeing and positive emotions
Define “flow”.
The flow experience is a theory developed by Csikszentmihalyi and Nakamura to describe the immersion people find themselves in when focusing on a task. It is a mental state where we are entirely focused on what we are doing to the point that we may forget about our basic needs. (1 mark)
Biological risk factors for psychological disorder include
genetic predisposition.
Stigma can be a barrier to accessing treatment for a psychological disorder because
people with a psychological disorder fear being stereotyped negatively
Whole group sings the alphabet
a....z
Identify the three components of emotion
Physiological changes (1 mark), subjective feelings, (1 mark), the associated behaviour (1 mark)
Identify the key aspects of mindfulness
Attention (1 mark), acceptance (1 mark)
Define normal/typical behaviour and provide an example to illustrate your understanding
Normal/typical behaviour is behaviour that is considered acceptable within a society and typical for a particular situation or context. (1 mark) For example, in Australian schools it would be considered normal to see students lined up outside a classroom at the start of the lesson, waiting for their teacher before being let into the room
Which of the following could be used as treatment for an individual with severe bipolar disorder?
A Electroconvulsive therapy
B Psychotherapy
C Pharmacotherapy
D Placebo treatments
Electroconvulsive therapy
Tell a joke
haha
Describe how physical health affects happiness
Physical health can affect happiness, as it has been shown that people who experience less stress about their physical health experience increased happiness. Therefore, it can be inferred that high levels of physical health can also be related to increased happiness.
Mindfulness has many applications. Predict two challenges with practising mindfulness
Home situation – it can be difficult to focus on the moment if there are distractions such as siblings, pets, television etc.
It can be hard to focus on the moment if you are stressed about the future; for example, upcoming exams
Risk factors for psychological disorders include
predisposing, precipitating and perpetuating factors.
Recall how electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is conducted
Inducing seizures in patients through electric shocks
Whole group do 10 star jumps
10 star jumps
Compare primary appraisal and secondary appraisal.
Primary appraisal is the process by which someone initially evaluates whether or not a situation is threatening or irrelevant, whereas secondary appraisal is the process of consciously appraising a situation by considering what options are available and how best to respond. (1 mark) They are similar in that they both involve cognitive evaluation of a situation. (1 mark)
Explain what is meant by attention and acceptance in mindfulness
Attention in mindfulness is how we attend to an environmental or internal stimulus. (1 mark) This is followed by acceptance: once we can regulate our attention so that we are focusing on the present moment, we must then be able to recognise and identify these experiences in a certain way, accepting the present and ourselves as we are, without judgment.
Describe how stress can affect psychological health
Stress can negatively affect mental health if it is not checked or managed because stress releases hormones such as cortisol and adrenalin, and elevated levels of these hormones can then lead to memory and learning impairments, as well as the onset of psychological disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and substance abuse. (1 mark)
Explain the primary focus of cognitive behavioural therapy
The primary focus of cognitive behavioural therapy is for a person to be able to recognise that their maladaptive thoughts influence their behaviour, then being able to alter their maladaptive thoughts and behaviour, improving their reaction to the situation. (1 mark)
Whole group 1 minute wall sit
1 minute wall sit
Imagine that you are walking through the bush one day and suddenly a snake is in front of you. Your heart starts racing and you tremble. Apply the two-factor theory to this situation
When you realise it is a snake, you are more likely to assess the situation as a threat (1mark), have a physiological reaction such as increased heart rate and/or sweaty palms (1 mark), and then cognitively label the emotion you are feeling as fear (1 mark
Describe the six factors of the flow experience.
1 Intense and focused concentration on the present moment
2 Merging of action and awareness
3 Loss of reflective self-consciousness
4 Sense of personal control over the situation/activity
5 Altered experience of time
6 Experiencing the activity as rewarding.
Describe the main symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder
In order for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) to be diagnosed, an individual must experience worry on a regular basis for at least six months. The worry is difficult to control, easily transfers from topic to topic, and is paired with at least three other cognitive and physical symptoms in adults or one for children. (1 mark) Other possible symptoms are increased soreness in muscles, easily fatigue, restlessness, disturbances in sleep, irritability or difficulty concentrating. (1 mark)
Explain two ethical concerns related to the use of placebo treatments in mental health research, particularly in terms of informed consent.
There are a number of ethical concerns regarding the use of placebo treatments in psychological research, in particular informed consent. Informed consent should be obtained by prior to any research taking place so that the individual can make an informed decision about whether they wish to take part in research or not. (1 mark) Sometimes informed consent is not obtained because of bias. For example, if the participant knew the true intentions of the research, in this case a placebo, they might change their behaviour to fit this (e.g. report that the medication isn’t working because they know they are taking a sugar pill.) In this case, deception is required so that the participant believes they are taking genuine medication. This deception means that the research lacks informed consent as the participant did not have all of the information beforehand to make a decision. This is a problem in psychological research when looking at the effect of mental health treatments, as the participants may not have their illness treated. (1 mark)
Ask next door class if they have any spare toilet paper
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