Sensations & Perceptions
The way we put information together so we can understand it.
What is perception?
Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.
What is inattentional blindness?
These nerve cells in our eyes help us process color and also help us see in dimly lit places.
What are rods and cones?
The sense or act of hearing.
What is audition?
The 5 basic types of taste.
What are sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami?
An organized whole, emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of information into meaningful wholes.
What is Gestalt?
Elite high schoolers living on New York City's Upper East Side.
What is Gossip Girl?
I determine the quality of the waves, specifically, color you see, and pitch you hear.
What do wavelengths do?
The way we take in raw information through our eyes, ears, nose, skin, and mouth.
What is Sensation?
Processing that occurs when we have no prior knowledge.
What is bottom-up processing?
Sometimes people forget that sight happens in the brain as much as it does in the eye. These specialized neurons in the visual cortex receive information from individual ganglion cells in the retina. These neurons are able to respond to specific features like edges, lines, angles, and movement. They then pass that information to other cortical areas where team of supercell clusters respond to more complex patterns.
What are feature detectors?
The coiled, fluid-filled tube in the inner ear that contains the basilar membrane.
What is the cochlea?
The sense of smell.
What is olfaction?
Gestalt principle which states that there is a tendency in our perception to complete incomplete figures.
What is Closure?
A student receives tapes following a young girl's suicide.
What is 13 Reasons Why?
I determine the intensity of the waves, for what you see, that's the brightness, for what you hear, the loudness.
What does amplitude do?
The conversion of stimulus energies, like sights and sounds, into neural impulses
What is transduction?
When our experiences influence our interpretation of data.
What is top-down processing?
This theory explains reversed-color afterimages.
What is opponent-process theory?
A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea.
What is the cochlear implant?
Inner ear system that helps us keep our balance.
What is the vestibular system?
Gestalt principle which states that parts that are close together in time or space appear to belong together and, therefore, are perceived together.
What is Proximity?
This show takes place in the 80's. A group of teenagers face off with monsters from another dimension.
What is Stranger Things?
The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus pre-disposing one's perception, memory, or response.
What is priming?
A mental predisposition that influences our interpretation of a stimulus.
What is perceptual set?
Principle states that in order to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a minimum percentage rather than a constant amount?
What is Weber's law?
Neurons that fire in response to specific edges, lines, angles, and movements.
What are feature detectors?
The type of hearing loss due to damage to the mechanism that transmits sound waves to the cochlea.
What is conduction?
This ability allows some people to visualize numbers as colors.
What is Synesthesia?
A miniature cliff with a glass-covered rop-off to determine whether crawling infants can perceive depth. Even when coaxed, infants are reluctant to venture on to the glass over the cliff.
What is the visual cliff?
This show takes place at a paper company in PA.
What is The Office?
This refers to the fact that it takes us longer to identify the color of a font when that font is spelling out a different color.
What is The Stroop Effect?
An adjustment of the senses to the level of stimulation they are receiving.
What is sensory adaptation?
Magicians are known to captivate audiences by taking advantage of this attention feature. At one moment the magician "wows" with their left hand, while making unnoticed changes in their right. Experiments have shown when people are given directions, 2 out of 3 will fail to notice when the speaker is replaced by another during an interruption.
What is change blindness?
The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light.
What is hue?
The theory that different frequencies of sound waves are said to vibrate different places on the cochlea. These places are wired to different parts of the auditory cortex in the brain so the sound can be processed correctly.
What is place theory?
The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that either blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.
what is the gate-control theory of pain?
Gestalt principle which states that we tend to organize perception into the object being looked at and the background against which it appears – the object seems to stand out from its background.
What is Figure-Ground?
This awkward yet charming bookstore manager has a sinister crush.
What is You?
Wertheimer’s name for the illusion that two stationary flashing lights are moving from one place to another.
What is Phi Phenomenon?
The minimum amount of energy that can be detected 50% of the time.
What is absolute threshold?
I see a person walk behind me out of the corner of my eye at home. It's an intruder, but I assume it's a family member and continue with my business.
What is context effect?
The ways in which the muscles of the eye change the shape of the lens to focus light onto the retina.
What is the process of accomodation?
The height, or amplitude, of a sound wave determines this sensation.
What is sound intensity, or loudness?
The process that allows a ballerina to detect the position of different parts of her body.
What is Kinesthesia?
The ability to adjust an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.
What is perceptual adaptation?
One baby is working hard to run a baby company!
What is Boss baby.
A distored room designed by Adelbert Ames, appears to be a normal rectangular shaped room when viewed through a peephole with one eye, however it is a room with one side closer to the peephole, and the other farther away. When two people stand in the room that are the same size, one will appear toy sized, and the other will appear as a giant.
What is the Ames Room?
Signal detection theory is most closely associated with this perception process.
Which theory is closely related to absolute thresholds?
People with ADHD are unable to perform this conscious task. Instead of filtering out unimportant stimuli in order to focus on important ones, they attend to all stimuli in the environment, making it difficult, if not impossible, to process information correctly.
What is selective attention?
Perceiving smooth continuous motion rather than a series of still images.
What is stroboscopic movement?
The theory that the entire cochlea is believed to vibrate at a particular frequency, thus sending the signal of the quality of sound to the brain.
What is frequency theory?
The sensory receptors that detect painful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals.
What are nociceptors?
A figure, nothing more than eight blue circles, each containing three converging white lines. When we view these elements all together however, we see a cube that sometimes reverses direction. A demonstration of Gestalt psychology.
What is a Necker cube?
5 kids are working hard to help the beach, and the people on it!
What is Malibu rescue?
Two lines of the same length appear to be of different lengths.
What is the Muller-Lyer illusion?
Quality of wholeness or completeness in perceptual experience that does not vary even when the sensory elements change; provided additional support for Gestalt views. Indicates that there is a difference between the character of the sensory stimulation and the character of the actual resulting perception – perception cannot be explained as simply a collection of elements or the sum of its parts.
What is Perceptual Consistency?
While this theory does not receive the attention it deserves, research in this area has proven invaluable to the fields that require attention to detail, such as air traffic control, security screeners, law enforcement, and even ordinary car drivers as it has shed light on when and how we detect faint stimuli even in the presence of backround stimulation.
What is signal detection theory?
The point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye.
What is the blind spot?
The ability to listen to only one voice when surrounded by many people.
What is the Cocktail Party Effect?
An example of this is when holding a warm drink rather than a cold one, people are more likely to rate someone more warmly, feel closer to them, and behave more generously. Physical warmth promotes social warmth.
What's an example of embodied cognition?
Gestalt grouping principle that items that appear the same are usually grouped together.
What is Similarity?
In this movie, a dog is a father, and they travel in a time machine?
What's Mr. Peabody and Sherman?
This optical illusion stars one of Van-Gogh's most famous paintings the "Starry Night". When staring at a swirrling spiral for 30 seconds, the painting would come to life.
What is the Starry Night optical illusion?