When was the birthday of psychology?
1879
This was the first school of psychology
Structuralism
What is behaviorism?
What is humanism?
Based on the idea that scientific psychology should only study observable behavior
Emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth. Looks at the whole human.
What is Freud considered the father of?
Father of Psychoanalysis
What event caused a surge in professional psychology?
WWII
Who is the father of psychology and what is he known for?
Wilhelm Wundt + the first psychology lab
Explain the goal of Structuralism
Break down mental processes into its most basic elements.
Who founded Behaviorism? What model of behavior did he use?
John B. Watson
Stimulus - Response Model
What image is used to model Freud's theory about the mind?
Iceberg
What is the largest specialty in psychology?
Clinical Psychology
What did early psychology focus heavily on for their findings?
Consciousness + Introspection
Explain the goal of functionalism
Focused on the purpose of consciousness/behavior and mental processes
Emphasized how the mind helps people adapt to their environment
What other psychologist emphasized behaviorism? How did they study it? (What did he create to study)
B.F. Skinner
Skinner Box
Define Psychoanalysis
Theory of human behavior that focuses on uncovering and interpreting unconscious desires, thoughts, and motivations that influence a person's behavior and mental health
This type of psychology focuses on helping people with everyday problems (stress, relationships, career, school adjustment)
Counseling Psychology
Where was the first lab created?
University of Leipzig, Germany
Explain this as a functionalist:
You feel scared as you hear footsteps walking behind you late at night.
The fear is a survival instinct: It’s a protective response.
The emotion triggers physical changes (like increased heart rate and alertness) that prepare your body to react to potential danger.
Who are the two major humanists? What did one of them create?
Carl Rodgers + Abraham Maslow
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
What are the three parts of personality? Explain what each of them do.
ID - Instincts Desires
Superego - Moral Conscience
Ego - Mediator
Explain Social Psychology and give an example of something they might research.
The study of how people think, feel, and act when they’re around others. It looks at things like peer pressure, group behavior, and how people influence each other.
Who are the two psychologists credited with the creation of Structuralism?
Wilhelm Wundt + Edward Titchener
Who won? Why?
Functionalism is considered to be the winner because it’s practical orientation paved the way for the development of behaviorism and applied psychology
What was the experiment conducted by John B. Watson? Explain what it was and the purpose.
The Little Albert Experiment: To show that emotions can be learned. He made a baby named Albert afraid of a white rat by pairing it with a loud, scary noise. After that, Albert became scared of the rat and even other white things.
Name 4 Defense Mechanisms and describe at least 2 of them.
Repression: Pushing painful memories out of awareness
Denial: Refusing to accept uncomfortable reality
Projection: Blaming others for your own feelings
Rationalization: Making logical excuses for emotional decisions
Intellectualization: converting a threatening trait or thought into a cold, intellectual fact
Displacement: redirecting an unwanted impulse towards someone or something else
Reaction Formation: convincing yourself the opposite of what is true
Regression: moving back to a lower stage of development
Sublimation: Using unacceptable behaviors and turning them into acceptable activities
Describe Developmental Psychology:
Developmental psychology is the study of how people grow and change throughout their lives — from babies to adults. It looks at physical, mental, and emotional changes over time.