General
Observation/Study
Variable Practice
100

When researchers use a survey to collect data on people’s attitudes, they are conducting what type of research?
a) Experimental
b) Correlational
c) Descriptive
d) Case study

c) Descriptive

100

You are studying a singular person (with their knowledge) and meeting with them regularly. This is likely a…

  1. Naturalistic observation

  2. Case study

  3. Cross-sectional study

  4. Longitudinal study 

Case study

100

Tom believes that the amount of sleep students get before a test affects their performance. He conducts an experiment by having three groups of students sleep for 4 hours, 6 hours, and 8 hours, respectively, the night before a math test. He then records their test scores.

  • Question: What is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Independent Variable: Hours of Sleep

Dependent Variable: test scores

200

A correlational study is different from an experiment because it:
a) Manipulates one variable
b) Determines a cause-and-effect relationship
c) Measures the relationship between two variables without manipulation
d) Requires random assignment of participants



Measures the relationship between two variables without manipulation

200

You are studying someone without their knowledge so as not to disrupt the results. This is likely a…

  1. Naturalistic observation

  2. Case study

  3. Cross-sectional study

  4. Longitudinal study 

Naturalistic observation

200
  1. Jane wants to see how exercise affects heart rate. She asks participants to run for 10 minutes, 20 minutes, or 30 minutes, and then she measures their heart rates immediately after they finish running.
  • Question: What is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Independent Variable: Exercise 

Dependent Variable: heart rate

300

In an experiment, why is it important to randomly assign participants to different groups?
a) To reduce bias and increase the likelihood that differences between groups are due to the independent variable
b) To ensure each participant receives the same treatment
c) To guarantee that the sample is representative of the population
d) To make the results statistically significant

To reduce bias and increase the likelihood that differences between groups are due to the independent variable

300

A study that compares participants from different age groups at a single point in time is known as a:
a) Longitudinal study
b) Cross-sectional study
c) Case study
d) Naturalistic observation

Cross-sectional study

300
  1. Sarah wants to know how different amounts of water affect the growth of her tomato plants. She waters one group of plants with 1 cup of water daily, another group with 2 cups daily, and a third group with 3 cups daily. After a month, she measures the height of each plant.
  • Question: What is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Independent Variable: Amount of Water

Dependent Variable: Plant Growth 

400

 In an experiment testing the effect of sleep on memory recall, what is the dependent variable?
a) Number of hours participants sleep
b) The age of participants
c) The amount of memory recall
d) The type of task participants perform

c) The amount of memory recall

400

FREE SPACE

Reminder that this JEP is insufficient to prepare for the test and that you should study your notes to get an "A"

400
  1. Mike wants to find out if drinking coffee improves focus while studying. He gives one group of students no coffee, a second group 1 cup of coffee, and a third group 2 cups of coffee. After an hour of studying, he asks each group to take a focus test and records their results.
  • Question: What is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Independent Variable: Drinking Coffee 

Dependent Variable: Focus while studying 

500

2. In an experiment, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is called the:
a) Dependent variable
b) Confounding variable
c) Independent variable
d) Controlled variable

c) Independent variable

500

A researcher wants to study the effects of sleep deprivation on problem-solving skills. They recruit a group of participants and randomly assign them to either stay awake for 24 hours or to get a full night’s sleep in a controlled setting. Afterward, they give both groups the same set of challenging puzzles and measure how long it takes each participant to solve them. This method is an example of what type of experiment:

Laboratory experiment

500
  1. Anna is curious about how temperature affects the time it takes for ice to melt. She places ice cubes in three different rooms: one at 10°C, one at 20°C, and one at 30°C. She then times how long it takes for the ice to completely melt in each room.
  • Question: What is the independent variable and what is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Independent Variable: Temperature 

Dependent Variable: Ice melting 

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