HISTORY
Generally credited for being the founding fathers of psychology.
WILHELM WUNDT
WILLIAM JAMES
Things going on in the mind we don't understand or know about. (Conscious vs. Unconscious)
Focuses on early childhood experiences as well.
PSYCHOANALYSIS
Psychological research grounded in objective, and full of tangible evidence that can be studied time and time again. (Most psychological research is...)
EMPIRICAL
Finding a relationship between two variables through experiments to determine cause and effect and whether or not it's correct.
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
Who focused on behaviorism? (Controlling and observing behavior.)
John B. Watson
Who used introspection (internal perception) to examine someone's conscious experience as objectively as possible.
WILHELM WUNDT
Perspective that emphasizes potential of good is innate in all humans.
HUMANISM
A process with ideas in the form of theories and hypotheses, which are tested against the real world.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Scientists conducting clinical or case studies when they focus n one individual or just a few individuals.
OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH
Who developed a chamber based on operant conditioning? (Study of the principles modifying behavior through reinforcement and punishment.)
SKINNER
Which four psychologists helped establish functional psychology (the idea that natural selections leads to organisms that are adapted to their environment)?
WILLIAM JAMES
CHARLES PIERCE
JOHN DEWEY
How mental processes helped someone survive in an environment.
FUNCTIONALISM
Uses empirical observations to construct broad realizations.
INDUCTIVE REASONING
A type of research that relies on looking at past records or data sets to look for interesting patterns or relationships.
ARCHIVAL RESEARCH
Who asserted the so long as basic needs necessary for survival are met, higher-level needs would begin to motivate behavior?
ABRAHAM MASLOW
A German scientist who was the first person to be considered a psychologist.
WILHELM WUNDT
Observing thought, sensation, and response to certain situations.
STRUCTURALISM
Ideas are tested in the real world, and begins with generalizations and a hypothesis that is used to reach logical conclusions.
DEDUCTIVE REASONING
A researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time.
CROSS SECTIONAL RESEARCH
Who believed therapists needed to display unconditional positive regard, empathy, and genuineness to maximize the effectiveness of therapeutic psychology.
CARL ROGERS
Who studied conditional refelex? (An animal or human producing an unconscious response to stimulus, and over time is conditioned to produce a response to different stimulus outside of the original stimuli.)
Pavlov
Observing and controlling behavior; how someone's environment can change decisions and associations.
BEHAVIORISM
Observing behavior in its natural setting.
NATURALISTIC OBSERVATION
Data gathering is being administered over an extended period of time. (Could be weeks, years, or decades.)
LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH
Who was the first Black American to recieve aPHd in psychology?
And who were the two African Americans that studied the effects of segregation of black students, which led to desegregation of schools. (Brown v. Board)
CECIL SUMNER
MARNIE AND KENNETH CLARK