attitudes
empathy altruism hypothesis
say we have a stereotype that everyone who goes to MIT is incredible smart, what if we meet someone who goes to MIT who is not very smart, what is the act of meeting that person an example of
subtyping- think I have a stereotype that all root vegetables are starchy like potatoes and parsnips, when I encounter a carrot (non starchy root veggie) I now have to create another subcategory of root veggies- root veggies that are starchy and now non starchy root veggies
Why was genie significant
proved that language can be learned after the sensitive period
People are given 3 coins on table, they have to move the coins so that each touches the others. Many of the participants automatically assume they cannot pick up the coins and start shuffling them around flat on the table. What is this an example of
unnecessary constraints
what are the 3 social motivations
hedonic, approval, accuracy
if someone is rifling through a drawer and they cannot find what they are looking for and they slam the drawer shut angrily, what type of aggression
hostile aggression
Believing that teenagers are always bad drivers, because memorable accidents make you correlate the two things is an example of what
illusory correlation- what type of cognition error is this similar to if I said oh who is more likely to drive drunk and since you just had the drunk driving demo at school you say teenagers even though statistically its young adults (21-24yrs)
1. There is a rat in the kitchen and we have kick it out because it has rabies.
2. There is a rat in the kitchen and he is going get all of us in trouble.
what is the connotation and denotation and which is an example of each
1. denotation
2. connotation
I know that my roommate likes fruit and often goes to the grocery store to get fruit. I assume she is getting vegetables too because she eats healthy and she's already going to be in the produce aisle. What type of cognition error is this
conjunction fallacy- could be a safe assumption but it is only confirmed that she likes fruit. Like saying it is more likely that someone who likes logic puzzle is good at math. Saying the probability they like logic puzzles and are good at math is more likely than just liking logic puzzles even though we have no idea if they like math, all we know is that they like logic puzzles.
what type of motivation would be doing something harder to push yourself to become better at it
intrinsic- challenge
higher facial symmetry, the closer they are geographically to us
you have an stereotype in your head that all kindergarteners are annoying, but you volunteer at an elementary school and get to talk to them and some are actually very curious and outgoing rather than annoying, what is this example of
contact hypothesis- what if you visited them and only remembered the times they were terribly annoying what is that called
what is the language acquisition device, who made it up, what theory is it associated with
Chomsky's nativist theory. It is the part of the brain made to learn language. Nativism says that language learning is innate to human beings and we are so geared to learn languages that there is a part of our brains dedicated to it.
I am trying to learn how to work some machine. I can either
1. watch someone else use the machine first and see how they use it
2. read the instruction manual and figure out how it is used by myself
which is field independent and which is field dependent
1. field dependent
2. field independent
You like doing pilates because it is a hobby of yours. You are hired as a pilates coach and now you have to do it because it is part of the job description. You now don't like it as much. This is what
undermining effect
1. I failed this test because I am awful at psych
2. I failed because the teacher always makes the tests crazy hard
3. I failed because I was super busy yesterday and couldn't study
4. I failed because the teacher put stuff on this test that she didn't teach
1. internal stable
2. external stable
3. internal unstable
4. external unstable
1. a co conspirator
2. a smaller group
3. anonymity
which rule of language says we can convey an infinite messages with combinations of words
generative
The powerball is drawn every monday wednesday and saturday. It is highly unlikely that people win which is why they get super high because nobody wins for a while. Recently you see on the news that 3 people in 2 weeks have won which is super rare so you decide to get a ticket because there is a win streak for the powerball. What cognition error is this
alternate outcomes effect
Cats have an instinct to puff out their fur when they feel threatened. Their instinct motivates their behavior to puff out their fur and growl because their survival could be in trouble. which term describes this
instinct/evolutionary theory of motivation- some motivation is built in instinctually because it helps survival and reproduction
in the milligram shock experiment, the person trying to gain obedience from the participant (the guy telling the people to continue shocking them) was wearing a lab coat and holding a clipboard to increase which aspect of obedience
legitimacy of the authority figure
a group is trying to decide on whether to leave at 9am or 9:30am to leave for the airport for a 12pm domestic flight, someone says what if we leave at 8am because of traffic to the airport and the government shutdown is causing TSA lines to be crazy long, another person says yeah maybe even 7:30am and then they say they want to get food so 7am. Now all of a sudden you are all leaving at 6:30am for a 12pm flight. What type of group effect is this (and what cognition error was thrown in)
group polarization and anchoring heuristic
The dog chased the cat.
The cat was chased by the dog.
Both sentences have the same meaning and are linguistically correct. What is this an example of?
syntax
You are more likely to donate to the ASPCA because they have the sad commercials with the dogs in cages which makes you sad.
What if you just learn about the ASPCA in school and then you are asked what animal charity you would like to donate to and you say ASPCA because it was just mentioned in school today.
What if you are asked which animal charity are you more likely to donate to: the ASPCA or the Houston Humane Society and you pick the ASPCA because it is more familiar
1 affect heuristic
2 availability heuristic
3 recognition heuristic
what contextual hunger cues allow us to eat more than we normally would have
greater palatability, more food served, better quality, more variety, other people, stress (prolonged)
when would stress decrease hunger?