Biological
Which sleep stage is most strongly associated with dreaming?
REM sleep
What cognitive ability was tested in the Eyes Test?
Theory of Mind
What was the main behaviour investigated in Milgram’s study?
Obedience to authority
Which learning theory explains learning through observation and imitation?
Social learning theory
Which issue and debate focuses on whether behaviour is caused by personal characteristics or by the social situation?
Individual and situational explanations
Which device was used by Dement and Kleitman to measure sleep stages?
EEG
What task did participants perform while doodling in Andrade’s study?
Listening to a dull telephone message
In Piliavin et al.’s subway study, what type of situation was staged?
A collapse/emergency situation
What stimulus caused fear in Little Albert after conditioning?
White rat
Which study best demonstrates reductionism?
Hölzel et al. (brain changes)
Which brain area showed increased grey matter after mindfulness training in Hölzel et al.?
Hippocampus
What was the main finding of Andrade’s study?
Doodling improved concentration and recall
What key factor did Piliavin et al. suggest people use when deciding whether to help?
Cost–reward analysis
What behaviour was measured in Bandura et al.’s study?
Imitative aggression
Which study supports situational explanations of behaviour?
Milgram
Why did Hassett et al. use monkeys instead of human children?
To control for socialization and test biological influences
What was one limitation of using children as eyewitnesses in Pozzulo et al.?
Higher false alarms / suggestibility
According to Perry et al., how did people generally react when their personal space was invaded?
They showed signs of discomfort or moved away
How did Saavedra and Silverman reduce phobias in children?
Positive reinforcement
Which two studies raise issues with using children as participants?
Bandura / Pozzulo
Name one strength of using EEGs in Dement and Kleitman’s study.
Objective / high temporal resolution / scientific measure
Explain one similarity between Andrade and Baron-Cohen’s studies.
Both investigate cognitive processing / attention / interpretation of information
Give one similarity between Piliavin et al. and Perry et al.
Both studied real behaviour in natural settings/ field study / high ecological validity / everyday social behaviour)
Give one ethical issue common to Bandura and Little Albert.
Psychological harm to children
Name the study/ies strongly supported by NATURE
Dement, Holzel, Hassett