OG Psych Problems
The ancient practice that involved drilling holes into the skull to release supposed evil spirits, reflecting a supernatural explanation for abnormal behavior.
What is trephination
This perspective views psychological disorders as an illness or disease caused by germs, genes, biochemistry, and neuroanatomy.
What is the biomedical model
This classification system is most commonly used in the United States.
What is the DSM-5
Different than diagnosis, this term refers to "what will happen"
What is prognosis
To address the criticism that it is too "categorical," the DSM-5 added dimensional aspects, such as severity ratings and this specific "spectrum" disorder.
What is the Autism Spectrum
This 20th-century perspective blended behaviorism with cognitive science, influenced by Bandura.
What is the cognitive-behavioral perspective
While often criticized as being "less pervasive" than it was in the early 20th century, this model is still considered relevant for dissociative and personality disorders.
What is the psychodynamic model
This classification system is most commonly used throughout the world and is similar to the DSM-5.
What is the ICD
This term refers to the study of how drugs affect the mind.
What is psychopharmacology
This classification error occurs when categories are treated as real, concrete entities rather than just descriptions.
What is reification
Founded in the late 1700s by reformers like Pinel and Tuke, this movement emphasized humane, respectful treatment of individuals with mental disorders rather than chaining or imprisoning them.
What is moral therapy
This model argues that individual problems are caused by larger systems like racism or poverty
What is the sociocultural model
The DSM-5 does not typically include what for each disorder
What are treatment recommendations
What is stigma
While categorical systems increase reliability (agreement between clinicians), they often call into question this measure of accuracy.
What is validity
This major shift in the late 1800s occurred after doctors discovered that syphilis caused "general paresis," helping launch biological explanations for mental illness.
What is the rise of the medical model
Associated with the Social-Cognitive perspective, this theorist proposed that behavior is "reciprocally determined" by environment, behavior, and cognitive variables.
Who is Albert Bandura
The DSM-5 stands for this
What is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
When observers look for behavior that confirms the label, it is called this
What is confirmation bias
The DSM-5 uses this type of organization, meaning disorders that appear early in the lifespan are listed first.
What is developmental organization
The Malleus Maleficarum was used during the medieval times to label people as what.
What are witches
This perspective suggests that abnormality is caused by "incongruence" or "inauthenticity"
What is the existential-humanistic model
This professional organization publishes and revises the DSM
What is the American Psychiatric Association (APA)
A syndrome with “clinically significant disturbance” in cognition, emotion, or behavior... reflecting a “dysfunction” in psychological, biological, or developmental processes.
What is abnormal behavior
These specific codes in the DSM-5 are used for conditions that are not mental disorders but still require clinical attention, such as poverty or relationship problems.
What are V-Codes