Receptors and Action (MOA)
The shape of the inotropic structure that relies on chlorine for hyper polarization of a cell
What is pentameric
This is the feeling of intense/excessive/persistent worry and fear about everyday situations
What is anxiety?
This class of medications, including propranolol, causes lowers blood pressure and heart rate increasing risk of hypotension
What are beta blockers (beta-adrenergic receptor blockers)?
Benzodiazepines are metabolized by CYP____ and CYP_____
What are 3A4 and 2C9?
This is the top choice for treating mild to moderate GAD
What is psychotherapy (CBT)?
The drug class that works to facilate GABAa by frequently opening Cl ion channels
What are Benzodiazepines
Bonus: Who is the agonist of Cl? GABA or Benzos?
This class includes Hydroxyzine that at high doses helps treat pruritus, but at low doses helps manage emotional stress
What are antihistamines?
DAILY DOUBLE
This medication cases blood vessel dilation by inhibiting post synaptic alpha 1 receptors blocking the effects of norepi and epi in the process
Bonus 100 = What intracellular pathway(s) does this increase the activity of?
What is prazosin?
Bonus 100 = IP3 and DAG
R1 is ________ for activity in this class of medication, while R__ can cause a decrease in lipophilicity by addition of a carboxylic acid (picture)
What is required and R3?
This medication is only approved for use in GAD
What is Buspar (buspirone)?
In addition to being an antagonist of D2, buspirone also affects this receptor as a partial what in facilitating antidepressant effects
What is 5HT 1A, partial agonist?
This drug class is known for being effective on generalized anxiety disorder as well as social phobia – with one of its medications proving very effective but causing drop out due to adverse effects
Bonus 50 = name the medication being described
What are 2nd generation atypical antipsychotics?
Bonus 50 = Quietapine
These two medications work in opposing anxiety by binding to alpha-2 Calcium channels decreasing the ion’s influx
What are gabapentin and pregabalin?
Both of us are highly lipophilic and distribute rapidly binding to the same site but option B likes it more (picture)
Bonus 50 = What class has higher binding affinity?
What are benzodiazepines?
Bonus 50 = Class B
This mediation works quickly by decreasing activity in the amygdala and can be used in a preventative way and at high doses can cause sedation
What is hydroxyzine (Vistaril)?
The buspirone pharmacophore called _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ is metabolized by this enzyme (picture)
What is azapirone and CYP3A4?
This age group is most associated with having GAD
What are teens to 30s?
These three medications are preferred for those with compromised hepatic function as they by-pass phase 1 metabolism
What is LOT – lorazepam, oxazepam and temazepam?
DAILY DOUBLE
Beta-blockers block this hormone at beta adrenergic receptors with this functional group behaving as a hydrogen bond acceptor and its N-alkyl group fitting nicely into a hydrophobic pocket
What are epinephrine and ether?
This benzodiazepine is least likely to be abused because of this occurrence in the brain leading it to never be used PRN
What is oxazepam (serax), and it takes a long time to cross BBB?
Benzodiazepines often have the label DO NOT DRINK GRAPEFRUIT JUICE because of this common interaction causing what outcome
What is CYP3A4 inhibition, increasing concentration of drug
These 8 classes are used to treat anxiety with the fun mnemonic: Bring Beer or Bourbon, as All Alcoholic Activities are Appreciated
What are benzos, beta blockers, buspirone, antihistamines, antidepressants, antipsychotics, adrenergic receptor (ant)agonist, and anticonvulsants?
The use of benzodiazepines can cause this condition in babies if it is used during the first trimester of pregnancy, as well as causing this condition if it is used by mothers close to birth
What is cleft palate and floppy baby syndrome?
These withdrawal symptoms of benzodiazepines are known to be opposite of how the symptoms the medication treats
What are anxiety, insomnia, muscle tension (tremor), seizures?
These four classes of medications are commonly used to treat GAD
What are SSRI, SNRI, benzodiazepines, Buspar?