Approaches
This theory views behavior as a product of mental processes such as problem solving, memory, and language.
Cognitive Approach
Realistically moderates between desires and morals.
Ego
What is the definition of psychology?
A. The scientific study of the brain.
B. The scientific study of mental processes and behavior.
C. The scientific study of mental problems.
D. The scientific study of how people function under stressful situations.
B. The scientific study of mental processes and behavior.
Ricky and Ben are arguing about the relative importance of genes and our environment in determining our behavior. Ben believes that our behaviors are mostly dictated by our inherited genes while Ricky believes that our environment plays a larger role in determining our behaviors. Ben believes in ___________ while Ricky believes in_________________.
Nature, Nurture, or Biology.
Ricky and Ben are arguing about the relative importance of genes and our environment in determining our behavior. Ben believes that our behaviors are mostly dictated by our inherited genes while Ricky believes that our environment plays a larger role in determining our behaviors. Ben believes in nature while Ricky believes in nurture.
Tommy is rarely on time for class and often doesn’t have the materials he needs to actively participate in class. According to the Big Five Theory, Tommy would likely score:
A. Low on Conscientiousness
B. High on Conscientiousness
C. Low on Neuroticism
D. High on Neuroticism
A. Low on Conscientiousness
This theory believes that people are basically good and are capable of making choices to help them reach their highest potential.
Humanistic Approach
Concerned only with satisfying basic sexual and aggressive drive.
Id
The word cognition refers to:
A. Behaviors
B. Feelings
C. Thoughts
D. Problems
C. Thoughts
No matter how long and hard Lerae studies, she always feels she hasn't studied as much as she should have. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Lerae shows signs of a:
A. Weak Id
B. Weak Superego
C. Strong Ego
D. Strong Superego
D. Strong Superego
One major criticism of Trait Theory is:
A. It focuses too much on the unconscious mind.
B. It overestimates the power of environmental factors
C. It underestimates the power of environmental factors
D. It focuses on too few traits
C. It underestimates the power of environmental factors
This theory states that behavior is strongly influenced by physiological functions.
Biological Approach
Located in the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious mind.
Superego
Psychoanalysis is the personality theory that states:
A. Most of who we are is influenced by hidden forces, such as the unconscious.
B. Present behavior can be changed by changing the environment.
C. The past is forgotten and buried.
D. Social interaction is an essential component to our personalities.
A. Most of who we are is influenced by hidden forces, such as the unconscious.
Randall’s parents toilet trained him too early and too strictly. Freud might explain that Randall is likely to:
A. Develop an inferiority complex
B. Become a perfectionist
C. Have a weak ID
D. Display an “inappropriate” gender identity
B. Become a perfectionist
Bobby was accepted to his top choice college. He believes that it is because his father is an alumni and that he will probably fail in his first semester anyway. Which term best describes Bobby’s attitude?
A. Pessimistic Explanatory Style
B. Optimistic Explanatory Style
C. Internal Locus of Control
D. Reciprocal Determinism
A. Pessimistic Explanatory Style
This theory views behavior as a product of learning and associations.
Behavioral Approach
Located solely in our unconscious mind.
Id
Which defense mechanism involves the conscious expression of feelings that are the opposite of unconscious feelings?
A. Repression
B. Sublimation
C. Reaction Formation
D. Projection
C. Reaction Formation
Kalley was constantly fearful and tense. She went to a psychiatrist to receive treatment. Although Kalley expected to talk her problems over with the psychiatrist, the doctor only briefly talked to Kalley and prescribed a pill to help her relax. The doctor was treating Kelsey with a ______________ approach.
A. Biological
B. Behavioral
C. Cognitive
D. Humanistic
Kalley was constantly fearful and tense. She went to a psychiatrist to receive treatment. Although Kalley expected to talk her problems over with the psychiatrist, the doctor only briefly talked to Kalley and prescribed a pill to help her relax. The doctor was treating Kelsey with a biological approach.
Randy's substandard academic performance is a result of his feelings of academic inferiority. His substandard academic performance is also a cause of his feelings of academic inferiority. This best illustrates the importance of:
A. The Big Five Theory
B. Reciprocal Determinism
C. Locus of Control
D. Explanatory Style
B. Reciprocal Determinism
This theory focuses on the notion that characteristics or behaviors are an adaptation for humans.
Evolutionary Approach
Provides standards for judgment, feels guilt.
Ego
According to Freud, children begin to adopt traditional gender roles during the ____________ stage of development.
A. Genital
B. Oral
C. Phallic
D. Latency
C. Phallic
John is really upset because his dad did not allow him to go to the movies with his friends. He chooses to take his anger out on his younger brother. This is an example of which defense mechanism?
A. Projection
B. Denial
C. Displacement
D. Reaction Formation
C. Displacement
According to the Big Five Theory, someone who is calm and relaxed is most likely to score ______________
A. Low on Openness
B. High Agreeableness
C. Low on Neuroticism
D. Low on Extroversion
C. Low on Neuroticism