Chapter 1
Who is most closely associated with psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud
A researcher wants to see if a new drug reduces anxiety. What is the dependent variable?
Levels of anxiety
These are the two main types of cells in the brain
Neurons and glia
These are the 5 primary tastes
Sweet, Sour, Bitter, Salty, and Umami
What is the most consumed stimulant?
Caffeine
Which of these early schools of psychology focused on the purpose of consciousness?
Functionalism
What are the types of descriptive designs?
Surveys, case studies, and naturalistic observation
This part of a neuron surrounds an axon with an insulating material in order to help speed up signaling
Myelin Sheath
Which part of the eye controls how much light enters the eye?
Iris
If someone needs to take more of a substance to receive similar effects, they have developed what to the substance?
Tolerance
Which type of psychology focuses on memory, thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making?
Cognitive Psychology
What is the main purpose of random assignment?
To make sure the sample represents the entire population
Which two structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)?
Brain and spinal cord
These are the two theories of colors
Trichromatic theory and opponent process theory
What causes jet lag?
Becoming "out of sync" with your circadian rhythm
Focused primarily on observable behavior rather than unconscious thoughts and mental processes
Behaviorism
This type of procedure helps reduce experimenter bias
double-blind procedure
Name at least 4 neurotransmitters
dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, endorphins, norepinephrine, GABA, glutamate
What is the difference between bottom-up and top-down processing?
Bottom-up processing: Individual elements to the whole
Top-down processing: The whole to individual elements
What are the three theories of dreams?
Freud: Wish fulfillment
Cartwright: Problem solving
Hobson: Activation-synthesis model
This acronym (define each letter) describes the lack of cultural variety in psychology research
Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic
These are the correct order of steps for a scientific investigation
Formulate a testable hypothesis, Select the research method and design, Collect the data, Analyze the data and draw conclusions, Report the findings
What is the charge of a neuron at rest? How can that charge change due to stimulation?
-70 mV. Charge becomes more positive and an action potential can occur (bonus: can an action potential occur over and over?)
List all parts of the outer, middle, and inner ear
External: Pinna
Middle: Ossicles
Inner: Basilar membrane and Cochlea
These are the 5 sleep disorders mentioned in class
1. Insomnia
2. Narcolepsy
3. Sleep apnea
4. Somnambulism (sleepwalking)
5. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)