Psychodynamic
Who is the father of the Psychodynamic Theory?
Freud
What is a NeoFreudian?
Followers of Freud’s theories but developed theories of their own in areas where they disagreed with Freud
What is Humanistic Psychology?
A perspective that focuses on the study of conscious experience, the individual’s freedom to choose, and capacity for personal growth.
Emphasizes conscious experience
Focuses on free will and creative abilities
Studies all factors relevant to the human condition
What is a defense mechanism?
In psychoanalytic theory, the ego’s protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
Who created the hierarchy of needs?
Maslow
What is Free Association?
patients to relax and say whatever comes to mind, regardless of how trivial or embarrassing the statement seemed. Freud viewed this as a window into the unconscious mind
Who believed that psychological problems were the result of feelings of inferiority?
Adler
Define Self Actualization
Arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved
the motivation to realize our full and unique potential
Puts anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories into the unconscious mind
The basis for all other defense mechanisms
‘Banishing’ thoughts- may emerge in dreams
Repression
Lets an anxious person refuse to admit that something unpleasant is happening
What is the Preconscious and how is this different from past views of the mind?
According to Freud, a region of the mind holding information that is not conscious but is retrievable into conscious awareness.
Holds thoughts and memories not in one’s current awareness but can easily be retrieved
Other views only have Consc./Uncons.
What are Archetypes?
Archetypes – universal symbols found in stories, myths, and art
Define Unconditional Positive Regard
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person.
People can be more open with those that express unconditional positive regard towards them
Occurs when an individual, threatened by his own angry feelings, accuses another of harbouring hostile thoughts.
Projection
What is a Thematic Aptitude Test?
A projective test in which people express their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes.
The person makes up a story of a picture they are shown
Explain the Ego, according to Freud
The largely conscious, “executive” part of personality that negotiates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality; operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id’s desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
Who believed in the Collective Unconscious AND what is that?
Jung’s concept of a shared, inherited reservoir of memory traces from our ancestors.
Information everyone knows from birth
What is Self Concept?
All our thoughts and feelings about ourselves in answer to the question “Who am I?”
Reverses an unacceptable impulse, causing the person to express the opposite of the anxiety-provoking, unconscious feeling
Reaction Formation
The Inkblot test is actually called what?
Rorschach
Explain the difference between Psychoanalytic and Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalytic is a theory about the workings of the unconscious mind and Psychoanalysis is a technique used in therapy
Who felt that basic anxiety is the hopelessness and isolation people feel in a hostile and competitive world?
Karen Horney (horn-eye)
What is at the base of the hierarchy of needs?
Physiological needs
a boss gives his employee a hard time at work and the employee goes home and shouts at their partner, is an example of
Displacement
What is a Projective Test?
A personality test that provides ambiguous stimuli to trigger projection of one’s inner thoughts and feelings