A
These are the three basic types of psychoeducational programs.
What are: mental illness, medical illness, and family enrichment?
Psy.Ed. models bolster the family's _______ and provide the family with ___________ about the nature and course of the illness.
What is "strength" and "information"
This is the most frequently diagnosed and controversial disorders of childhood and adolescence.
What is: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
This Psy.Ed. model was created by Bernard Guerney, Jr., who had worked with Minuchin and Carl Rogers. The program emphasizes empathy, genuineness and unconditional positive regard; lasts 10 sessions; and teaches clients to recognize and acknowledge feelings and to express them openly.
What is: Relationship Enhancement (RE)?
The role/stance of the therapist in Psy.Ed. models.
Active, willing to learn from family, direct, empathic, informative, brief.
Rather than believing that certain characteristics CAUSE the symptoms of schizophrenia, which may leave the family members feeling blamed, Psy.Ed. therapists believed that the characteristics of so-called dysfunctional styles of interactions were an understandable _____________ of coping with these devastating issues.
What is, "consequence"?
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Psy.Ed. progams help families cope with mental illness and prevent relapses. (pg. 163)
These are one-day workshops in which groups of families learn about the etiology, prognosis, psychobiology and treatment of the illness and suggest ways the family can deal with its special demands.
What are: Survival Skills Workshops?
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Families are urged to lower their expectations for the patient to behave normally and at the same time to provide clear structure and limits about the unacceptable behaviors.
Many of the disorders diagnosed in children, particularly the conduct and behavioral problems, have been treated with this training.
What is: parent management training (PMT)
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Parents learn behavior management techniques; PMT seems to reduce distress and family conflict and increase cohesiveness and expressiveness; improving marital communication enhances the effectivenes of PMT. (pg. 165)
These programs are designed to help new, or about to be, blended families deal with the issues that are specific to them.
What are: stepfamily psychoeducation programs?
This program was created by Jesuit priest, Father Gabriel Calvo. This program is directed "at raising couple awareness of communication, problem solving, sexual intimacy, and spiritual issues in an effort to prevent marriage complacency or deterioration".
What is, Marriage Encounter.
The theory of change.
With education and attention to family needs, family members may learn new strategies to cope with the problem.
Help family change its ideas about and interactions with patient but also to reverse the damage that may have been done to family by insensitive professionals.
Theory of dysfunction (4 points).
The family has been damaged by insensitive professionals; lack of information/education; lack of positive/healthy coping strategies; anxiety about what to do and grief over the issue has rendered family symptomatic.
Major concepts of Psy.Ed. Models (5 points).
*hint: how does the therapist approach therapy/view the family/provide the family
maximize the functioning and coping abilities of all disabled patients and their families; establish a collaborative partnership in which family members feel empathized with, supported and also empowered to deal with the patient; provision of support, structure, and specific coping mechanisms; desire to learn from family; belief family can help
These are the 6 areas in which couples receive training in relationship enhancement.
1. Expressive Mode - gaining self awareness and learning self-expression
2. Empathic Mode - acquiring listening and reflective responding skills
3. Mode Switching - facilitating communication
4. Facilitative Mode - participants help one another develop previous skills
5. Problem solving and Conflict Resolution Skills
6. Maintenance and Generalization Skills - to be practiced at home using facilitative skills
List as many methods/techniques as you can for the psy.ed. model (8 total).
*hint: what things might the therapist *tell* the family?
*hint: think Rogerian...
telling the family they are not to blame; give direct information/education to patient/family; tell family they can help; tell family HOW they can help; make a contract with the family; "survival skills workshop"; train with family when indicated; when appropriate, lower expectations to reduce pressure on the patient to perform normally.
This type of program utilizes the collaborative help of other medical care providers such as, nurses, physicians, or rehabilitation specialits, to help families cope more effectively with the consequences of medical illness.
What is, "collaborative family health care"
In regards to medical illness, these are the 4 characteristics of an illness that can affect the family's ability to cope.
1. onset (sudden or gradual)
2. course (stable, progressive deterioration, or unpredictable relapsing)
3. degree of incapacitation (from none to severe)
4. outcome (whether it will affect longevity or possibly result in sudden death)
Describe the two formats of the PREPARE Program.
1. Groups of 4-10 couples attend weekly sessions to build skills. Each couple has a communication coach and is given homework assignments and readings.
2. A marathon session for 20 - 60 couples that takes place over a weekend. Couples practice their skills in their rooms between sessions. Couples are given a video-and audio-tapes for further study.
Stages of Therapy (5).
Initial interview to determine family needs
psychoeducational sessions - information sharing day, "Survival Skills Workshop".
Referrals to other resources when indicated
Follow up sessions - assign tasks to patients and monitoring their performance.
Deal with problems in the family's structures which may have arisen as a result of illness or disorder, more like structural family therapy.
This is what the acronym PREPARE stands for.
Preventative Intervention and Relationship Enhancement Program
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this program helps married coples improve their relationships BEFORE problems set in. Participants learn communication and conflict resolution skills and discuss their expectations for marriage.
Emily and John Visher founded this Association.
What is the "Stepfamily Association of America"?
*They also developed a workbook as an aid to group discussions aimed at helping the families merge successfully.
These are important components of treating families with an autistic family member. (3)
1. use contingency management to extinguish excessive complaining and reward more desirable behaviors.
2. help parents become aware of and manage their own anxious responses,
3. teach communication and problem-solving skills.
This is a medication used to help manage the symptoms of ADHD.
What is "methylphenidate" (MPH)
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Therapists can expect reasonably successful control of the negative symptoms of ADHD when MPH is combined with behavioral programs such as attention training. (pg. 166)
Describe the what characteristics families had who experienced a family member who had the highest relapse rate for schizophrenia, depression and bipolar illnesses.
high levels of expressed emotion, particularly critical comments, hostility, emotional overinvolvement. Researchers also looked at parental affective style... a parent with a high affective style rating is critical, intrusive, or guilt inducing.
Psy.Ed. programs seek to lower emotional reactivity.
Families may focus their attention on the ____________ and/or deny the severity of the problem and the sense of anger, frustration, disappointment, and grief associated with mental illness.