Planning utterances
Suppose a speaker says the following utterance: "So yeah, I went to New York last...laaaaast Juuuune...yes, June, and I thought it was so dirty and crowded." What do you call what (s)he does in the middle of the sentence?
(A) hesitation
(B) gap
(C) revision
(D) correction
(A) Hesitation
The process of putting our thoughts into words is called:
(A) Vocabularization
(B) Lemmazation
(C) Lexification
(D) Lexicalization
(D) Lexicalization
The sensation of being "oh so close, yet oh so far away" from retrieving a word is referred to as:
(A) Tip-of-the-tongue
(B) Freudian slip
(C) Malapropism
(D) Lexical lapse
(A) TOT
Gestures that depict what is being talked about are called:
(A) indexical
(B) iconic
(C) informational
(D) intentional
(B) iconic
True or False? Psycholinguistics is interdisciplinary.
TRUE
What hemisphere of the brain is mainly in charge of language?
left (Broca's & Wernicke's areas)
What is the relationship between a lemma and a lexeme?
Lemma is the abstract, conceptual, pre-phonological form of a word.
Lexeme is the phonological representation of the word.
What was the purpose of the studies involving WUGS?
To understand how words are formed using different morphemes.
Give one example of a symbolic gesture.
Head nod, thumbs up, greeting wave, shoulder shrug, thumb and index finger in circle, etc.
What is the set of ideas in our brains that has no language associated with it called?
Mentalese
Fill in the blank in this sentence: Psycholinguists can find out more about how the system works if they study what happens when the system _______________.
breaks down
What is a collocation? Give an example.
Words that are connected semantically somehow in our brains.
TEACHER: student, class, book, study...
What is anomia?
Extreme case of TOT.
If I want to show someone where the bakery is across the street and I point my finger in that direction, what type of gesture is this?
Indexical or indicative
What are the two ways that psycholinguists can study psycholinguistics?
Observation and experiments
What are the three steps (in order) of the production process?
Conceptualization > Formulation > Articulation
Give an original example of a mis-selection error that is called a "blend".
Fork - Knife = Fife
Give an example of the sound error of omission.
"Tuesay" for "Tuesday"
Explain what a batonic gesture is and give an example.
Also known as a beat gesture, they are meant to give emphasis, to bring home a point. Usually coincide with stressed syllables.
Explain the notion of frequency as it relates to lexical retrieval.
The more frequent the word, the faster it will be to retrieve.
What is the difference between macroplanning and microplanning? Give examples.
Macroplanning: How to achieve a communicative goal using speech acts.
Microplanning: Planning of each individual speech act (what should be stressed, words chosen, etc.)
What is the difference between the errors of anticipation and perseveration at a word level? Give an example of each.
Anticipation: a word is pronounced too early in a sentence. "How many gallons are in a gallon?" (How many pints are in a gallon?)
Perseveration: a word appears again later in the sentence. "Yesterday I bought milk from the milk...the store."
Tongue-twisters are meant to induce a specific kind of speech error. What is this error called? Define it and give an example.
Spoonerism: changing the onsets of words. "said rocks" for "red socks"
Explain what Kita's (2000) comparative study of English and Japanese native speakers showed relative to gestures and linguistic differences.
Cartoon of a cat swinging on a rope from one side of a street to the other. English has intranstive verb for this, Japanese does not. Their gestures reflected this: English speakers used 'swinging' gesture, where Japanese tended to use straight line movement, reflecting the action of the verbs they would use to express this (jump across, go in the direction of).
Explain the difference between overt and covert repair, and between repair and revision. Use examples.
Overt repair: error can be evidenced.
"I had a salad...I mean, a sandwich for dinner last night."
Covert repair: error cannot be evidenced.
"He is a....a banker."
Revision: adding info to an utterance.
"She lives in the red house...the big red house over there."