Mood Disorders
This neurotransmitter is most commonly linked to depression when levels are low.
Serotonin
These are false beliefs that are not based in reality.
delusions
A person repeatedly violates laws, lies, and shows no remorse for harming others.
anti-social personality disorder
According to Freud, this is the part of personality driven by the morality principle.
superego
A person refuses to acknowledge traumatic childhood experiences, keeping them out of conscious awareness.
Repression
A person reports several weeks of fatigue, hopelessness, and loss of interest, with no history of mania.
Major Depression / Major Depressive Disorder
Hearing voices that aren’t there is an example of this type of symptom.
Hallucinations
A person has unstable and intense relationships, fears abandonment, and engages in impulsive, reckless behaviors.
borderline personality disorder
A person who is dependable, organized, and disciplined scores high on this Big Five trait.
conscientiousness
A student who feels insecure about their intelligence criticizes others as “stupid.”
projection
This disorder involves alternating episodes of depression and mania.
Bipolar Disorder
This neurotransmitter is overactive in schizophrenia, especially in relation to positive symptoms.
Dopamine
A person believes they are superior to others, lacks empathy, and requires constant admiration.
narcissistic personality disorder
A person low in this believes they will fail no matter what and therefore does not try.
self-efficacy
A child who recently gained a sibling begins acting like a baby again.
regression
Depression is often treated with SSRIs, which stands for this:
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
This two-word term describes the reduced emotional expression often seen in schizophrenia.
flat affect
A patient is unable to discard worn-out or worthless objects, even when they have no sentimental value.
obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
A person’s behavior changes depending on the environment, and the environment changes in response to the behavior. This is called:
reciprocal determinism
A smoker justifies their habit by saying “it helps me relax, so it’s actually good for me.”
Rationalization
A college student alternates between severe depression and periods of elevated mood, increased energy, and decreased need for sleep.
Bipolar Disorder
A patient insists the government is controlling their thoughts through a chip in their brain.
delusion (specifically persecutory or paranoid)
During group work, a student refuses to write anything in the shared doc because they think their group will delete their work or take credit for it.
Paranoid personality disorder
A person who is anxious, moody, and emotionally reactive scores high on this Big Five trait.
neuroticism
A person channels aggressive impulses into competitive sports.
sublimation
A person constantly feels sad, loses interest in hobbies, struggles to concentrate, and feels worthless.
Major Depression / Major Depressive Disorder
A student mutters to themselves, “I went to school today… school is like weather… weather controls phones…”
schizophrenia (disorganized speech/"word salad")
A student insists that certain numbers, colors, or classroom events are “signs” meant specifically for them.
schizotypal personality disorder
A student succeeds on a test and attributes it to their own ability rather than luck.
internal locus of control
A person expresses affection toward someone they actually strongly dislike.
reaction formation