The Appraisals
Consists of primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. Our first step before responding to a stressful event.
Cognitive appraisal
Classification of stressors such as large-scale disasters and acculturative stress
Catastrophes
Fill in the blank:
_____ cope with stress through the tend-and-befriend response, while ______ cope with stress through withdraw and isolation with the goal of conserving energy.
Women
Men
Cultures that mainly used venting rage as a way of managing anger.
Individualist cultures
Person who expects things to go badly; attribute poor performance to basic lack of ability or situations beyond their control.
Pessimists
Judgement about the degree of potential harm/threat to well-being that a stressor might entail.
Primary appraisal
Stressor classification of events such as life transitions and cluster crisis
Significant life changes
Attempting to alleviate stress directly by changing the stressor or the way we interact with the stressor.
Problem-focused coping
Anger management technique that actually fails to cleanse rage and can increase or magnify the anger.
Catharsis (emotional release)
A person who expects to have more control, to cope better with stressful events, and to enjoy better health; tends to run in family.
Optimists
Judgement of the options available to cope with a stressor, and perceptions of how effective such options will be.
Secondary appraisal
"Other" category for stressors, compounded by prejudice and life circumstances, psychological and physical consequences, and approach-avoidance conflict.
Daily hassles or pressures
Attempting to alleviate stress by avoiding or ignoring a stressor and by attending to emotional needs related to our stress reaction.
Emotion-focused coping
When animals and people experience no control over repeated bad events, they often learn to be helpless.
Learned helplessness
Feeling liked and encouraged by intimate friends and family.
Social support
Threat
Stress response that is a part of a unified mind-body system; Fight-or-flight adaptive response.
Cannon
Subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine.
Health psychology
When people believe chance or outside forces control fate.
External locus of control
Leads to higher loneliness and risk of death equivalent to smoking.
Social isolation
A stressor that carries the potential for gain/personal growth.
Challenge
Stress response system characterized by three phases; alarm reaction, resistance, and exhaustion.
General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)
Study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.
Psychoneuroimmunology
When a someone believes people control their own fate, not external forces.
Internal locus of control
List some everyday ways of reducing stress.
Aerobic exercise, biofeedback, relaxation, meditation, faith communities