Defining Disorders
4Ds
What is the way psychologists define a mental disorder?
Psychological disorders of thought and perception, characterized by inability to distinguish between real and imagined perceptions
What is psychotic disorders?
A psychotic disorder characterized by significant disturbances in thought and emotion, specifically problems with perception, including hallucinations
What is schizophrenia?
Historically, the first medications used to manage psychotic symptoms
What is traditional antipsychotics?
The process in psychotherapy in which the client reacts to a person in a present relationship as though that person were someone from the client's past
What is transference?
A group, or cluster of related symptoms that are characteristic of a disorder
What is a syndrome?
One of the symptoms of schizophrenia: false beliefs or exaggerations held despite evidence to the contrary, such as the idea that one is a famous person
What is delusions?
An anxiety disorder in which obsessive thoughts lead to compulsive behaviors
What is obsessive-compulsive disorder?
What is tardive dyskinesia?
A behavioral technique in which desirable behaviors are reinforced with a token, such as a small chip or fake coin, which can be exchanged for privileges
What is token economies?
The occurrence of two or more psychological disorders at the same time
What is comorbidity?
Symptoms that include non-responsiveness, emotional flatness, immobility, catatonia, problems with speech, and inability to complete tasks
What is negative symptoms of schizophrenia?
A dissociative disorder in which a person develops at least two distinct personalities each with its own memories, thoughts, behaviors, and emotions
What is dissociative identity disorder?
A class of anxiety-reducing drugs that can be addictive but are less dangerous than barbiturates
What is benzodiazepines?
An approach to treating psychological disorders that combines techniques for restructuring irrational thoughts with operant and classical conditioning techniques to shape desirable behaviors
What is cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)?
The first official attempt at diagnosing mental disorders in the U.Ss
What is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)?
An explanation for the origin of psychological disorders as a combination of biological predispositions (diathesis) plus stress or an abusive environment
What is diathesis stress model?
What is personality disorders?
What is prefrontal lobotomy?
Meetings of people who share a common situation, be it a disorder, a disease, or coping with an ill family member
What is support groups?
The number of categories of disorders in the DSM
What is 21?
The speech of people with schizophrenia, which may follow grammatical rules but be nonsensical in terms of content
What is word salad?
What is schizotypal personality disorder?
The treatment of last resort for severe depression that involves passing an electrical current through a person's brain in order to induce a seizure
What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?
The finding that most forms of therapy are effective and few significant differences exist in effectiveness among standard therapies
What is dodo bird verdict?