Anxiety, OCD, PTSD
An excessive amount of worry and anxiety surrounding various topics would be characteristic of…
GAD
Common symptoms of _____ include periods of extreme elation and euphoria that often results in hospitalization
not hypomania bc of the hospitalization piece
What model helps explain the GenexEnvironment interaction seen in Schizophrenia?
Stress-diathesis Model (helps explain all GxE interactions in psychopathology)
Biological: genetics, neurotransmitters (dopamine, serotonin), brain abnormalities (enlarged ventricles, reduced hippocampus)
Environmental: toxins, marijuana, urban areas, obstetric complications during pregnancy
True or False: The only effective treatment available for psychological disorders is psychotherapy.
False!
Pharmacotherapy and medical interventions (e.g., ECT, TMS) show effective results.
What disorder has the highest heritability rate?
Bipolar Disorder
(2nd would be schizophrenia)
In order to receive a diagnosis of PTSD, name an event that would be considered a traumatic event by DSM-5 standards.
any of the following:
•directly experiencing event
•witnessing event
•learning event happened to close family member/friend
•experiencing repeated/extreme exposure to details of event
*takeaway: you DO NOT have to experience it first hand
One of the major distinctions between Bipolar I and Bipolar II is that Bipolar I involves:
at least one manic episode
What are the three phases of schizophrenia?
Prodromal, Active, Residual
Therapy is ______ than medication in the long-term
more effective
(They show equal effects in the short-term but therapy is more effective when examining long-term outcomes.)
_____ helps explain the acquisition/development of specific phobias while ______ helps explains the maintenance of the phobia.
Classical Conditioning: pairing of stimuli and/or Observational Learning: watching someone else experience phobia can create fear in observer
Operant Conditioning through negative reinforcement (anxiety (unpleasant) reduced by avoiding feared object/situation)
thoughts, urges, &/or images that are intrusive, unwanted, repeated, and persistent are called what
obsessions
which two brain region abnormalities cause the inability to control negative emotions?
amygdala & PFC
Name the three types of symptoms seen in schizophrenia and list one example of each type of symptom.
(Must get all portions correct.)
Positive: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech (thinking)
Negative: decreased emotional expression, lack of motivation (decreased pleasure & speech production, lack of social interests)
Cognitive: impaired attention, inhibition, working memory, processing speed, and social cognition
Challenging cognitive distortions (maladaptive thinking patterns) is to ____ therapy, whereas increasing psychological flexibility is to ____ therapy?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
What are the 3 Ds of a psychological disorder?
(must get all correct)
a psychological dysfunction associated with
distress or impairment in functioning and
a response that is not typical or culturally expected (“deviant”)