Terms to Know
When people are asked to respond to a series of questions
Survey
An educated guess, often in the form of an if-then statement
Hypothesis
An argument against experimenting on animals
Animals don't like being abused/Animals can't consent
Giving someone a series of questions to examine their intelligence is an example of this type of method of observation.
Testing
When one thing being studied increases, while another thing being studied decreases, they can be described as having this kind of relationship.
Negative correlation
A group of people that researchers want to study
Target population
Experiments should be this so that people's personal information doesn't become public knowledge
Confidential
Conducting a test in a lab is an example of this type of method of observation
Laboratory-Observation
Researchers purposefully change this kind of variable in an experiment
Independent variable
A survey population, selected by chance
Random sample
The scientific method can't start without one of these
A question
Researchers should tell subjects what is going to happen to them in an experiment. Getting subjects to agree to an experiment after it has been explained to them is called getting:
Informed consent
Conducting research on the same group of people over a long period of time is this kind of method of observation.
Longitudinal study
A type of study in which both the test subjects AND the researchers do not know which group is the experimental group and which group is the control group
Double-Blind study
A segment of a target population
sample
Scientists do this with the results that they obtain from experiments
Analyze them
Researches can do this if they believe the benefits of the experiment outweigh the harm, and if they fully explain the experiment to the subject afterwards
Ethical Deception
Investigating the circumstances behind one individual's behavior is an example of this type of method of observation
Case-Study Method
The group in an experiment that does not receive the changes to the independent variable being studied, or they receive a placebo
Control Group
a sample drawn in a way that known subgroups within a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in the general population
a stratified sample
It is important for tests to have this quality so that we know the same results will occur time after time.
Repeatable/valid
Disregarding an experiment because it disproves your hypothesis is not an ethical use of this:
Data
Comparing the differences and similarities among people in different age groups at the same time is an example of this method of observation.
Case-Study Method
A type of bias researchers might get when conducting an experiment, because only people who choose to participate in an experiment can be experimented on
Volunteer bias