Research Meth.
research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering
What is a naturalistic observation
An experiment where the participants nor the experimenters know which participants received which treatment
What is a double-blind experiment
What is a null hypothesis?
The null hypothesis states that there is no relationship between the two variables being studied (one variable does not affect the other), and is therefore the opposition of the hypothesis.
the group to which an independent variable is applied
What is the experimental group
this is a statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they are and happen the way they do.
What is a theory
research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
What is a survey
Ways in which researchers can try to avoid self-fulfilling prophecies & the placebo effect
What is a single-blind or double-blind experiment
this is a coincidence, that may or may not be common, which leads people to believe an IV leads to a specific DV
What is an illusory correlation
This is the group in an experiment that receives no level of the IV
What is a control group
a measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean
What is standard deviation
research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development
What is a longitudinal study
an experiment where the participants do not know if they have received the treatment or the placebo
What is a single-blind experiment
Define each:
Mode
Mean
Median
Mode (occurs the most)
Mean (arithmetic average)
Median (middle score)
a statistic that describes the direction and strength of the relationship between two sets of data
-1.0<---->0.0<---->+1.0
What is a correlation coefficient
A farmer applies different fertilizers to his cotton crops, to see which will make his plants grow the highest. Is the IV or DV in italics?
What is the independent variable
research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age
What is a cross-sectional study
The famous Milgram electric shock experiment was an example of this type of experiment: single or double blind...explain
What is a single blind experiment...the "teacher" did not know he was not really administering the shocks
the two common measures of variance
What is range and standard deviation
the tendency of people to overestimate their ability to have predicted an outcome that could not possibly have been predicted.
"I knew it all along"
What is a hindsight bias
Graph that demonstrates the direction of the relationship between two variables
What is a scatterplot
research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants
What is a case study
a change in a participant's illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect, rather than the actual treatment
What is the placebo effect
Researchers' results are said to be statistically significant... (Specific percentage!)
What is... when there is a p-value of 5% or lower
a graph of frequency distribution shaped like a symmetrical, bell-shaped curve
What is a normal curve
In a study about headaches, doctors gave patients Aleve, Tylenol, Advil, and Excedrin, to see which medication would relieve the headache pain the fastest. The doctors timed how long it took the medication to work. Is the IV or DV in italics?
What is the dependent variable