Psychology Basics
What is behavior?
Any observable action or response made by a person or group.
A student begins studying more because their parents reward them every time they receive a good grade. Which perspective BEST explains this behavior?
Behavioral.
Who developed psychoanalytic theory?
Sigmund Freud.
Which part of personality wants immediate satisfaction and operates according to the pleasure principle?
Id.
What is a specific, testable prediction called?
Hypothesis.
How many major psychological perspectives did we learn?
6
Two students receive the same low grade. One thinks, “I can improve,” while the other thinks, “I'm terrible at this.” Which perspective focuses on how their thoughts influence their behavior?
Cognitive.
Freud believed that behavior could be influenced by thoughts, feelings, memories, and desires that we are not _____ aware of.
Consciously.
Which part of personality deals with reality and tries to balance what you want with what is actually possible and appropriate?
Ego.
Which variable does the researcher change or manipulate?
Independent variable.
Name THREE of the six psychological perspectives.
Any three: Biological, Behavioral, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, Humanistic, Sociocultural.
A student has difficulty concentrating after getting very little sleep. Which perspective would examine how the lack of sleep affects the student's brain and behavior?
Biological.
What part of the mind includes the thoughts, feelings, and experiences you are currently aware of?
The conscious mind.
Which part represents your morals, values, rules, and standards about right and wrong?
Superego.
Which variable does the researcher measure?
Dependent variable.
Which perspective focuses on the BRAIN, GENE, HORMONES, NERVOUS SYSTEM, AND OTHER BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES?
Biological
A student starts dressing differently because their friends and social environment influence what they think is popular. Which perspective BEST explains this?
Sociocultural.
What part of the mind contains thoughts, feelings, memories, desires, and impulses that are outside of your current awareness?
The unconscious mind.
You see a piece of cake on your teacher's desk and think, “I want it, so I'm going to take it right now!” Which part of personality is speaking?
Id.
A psychologist watches students interact during lunch without interfering with them. What research method is being used?
Naturalistic observation.
Name ALL SIX PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES.
Biological, Behavioral, Cognitive, Psychodynamic, Humanistic, and Sociocultural.
A psychologist believes someone's current reactions may be influenced by childhood experiences and thoughts or memories outside of their awareness. Which perspective BEST explains this?
Psychodynamic.
What does Sigmund Freud compare our mind to and why?
An iceberg because it shows that our conscious awareness is only a tiny fraction of our total mental life, while a vast and powerful hidden force operates beneath the surface
You really want the cake, but you think, “It isn't mine, and taking something that belongs to someone else is wrong.” Which part of personality is MOST responsible for the thought that taking it would be morally wrong?
Superego.
A researcher discovers that students who sleep more tend to have higher grades. Can the researcher conclude that sleeping more caused the higher grades? Explain.
No. Correlation does not prove causation.