A principle of perceptual organization whereby the visual field is perceived in terms of an object (figure) standing out against a background (ground).
What is figure-ground?
100
The tendency to see objects as maintaining the same brightness, regardless of differences in lighting conditions.
What is brightness constancy?
100
A binocular depth cue resulting from differences between the two retinal images cast by objects at distances up to about 6 meters.
What is binocular disparity?
100
An example of top-down processing where the individuals' expectations affect their perceptions.
What is perceptual set?
200
The tendency to perceive objects as maintaining stabled properties, such as size, shape and brightness, despite differences in distance, viewing angle and lighting.
What is perceptual constancy?
200
The tendency to see objects as maintaining about the same color, regardless of differences in lighting conditions.
What is color constancy?
200
Depth cues that can be perceived by only one eye; pictorial cues and motion parallax.
What are monocular depth cues?
200
Sending persuasive messages below the recipient's level of awareness.
What is subliminal persuasion?
300
The tendency to perceive objects as the same size, regardless of changes in the retinal image.
What is size constancy?
300
Sensory experiences are organized into the simplest arrangement possible; its four principles are similarity, proximity, continuity and closure.
What are the Gestalt principles?
300
A false perception of actual stimuli involving a misperception of size, shape or the relationship of one element to another.
What is an illusion?
300
Perceiving sensory stimulation that is below the absolute threshold.
What is subliminal perception?
400
The image of objects in the visual field projected onto the retina.
What is retinal image?
400
Depth cues that depend on two eyes working together; convergence and binocular disparity.
What are binocular depth cues?
400
Information processing in which individual components or bits of data are combined until a complete perception is formed; used in unfamiliar situations.
What is bottom-up processing?
400
Interposition, linear perspective, relative size, texture gradient, atmospheric perspective and shadow/shading
What are pictorial cues?
500
The tendency to perceive objects as having a stable or unchanging shape, regardless of differences in viewing angle.
What is shape constancy?
500
A binocular depth cue in which the eyes turn inwards as they focus on nearby objects
What is convergence?
>> The closer an object, the greater the convergence.
500
Application of previous experience and conceptual knowledge to first recognize the whole of a perception and thus easily identify the simpler elements of the whole; used in familiar situations.