The mental processes involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving and using information.
What is cognition?
100
The meaning or the study of meaning derived from morphemes, words and sentences.
What are semantics?
100
The failure to use familiar objects in novel ways to solve problems because of a tendency to view objects only in terms of their current customary terms.
What is functional fixedness?
100
The smallest units of sound in a spoken language.
What are phonemes?
100
The act of using a word, on the basis of some shared feature, to apply to a broader range of objects than is appropriate.
What is overextension?
200
The representation in the mind of a sensory experience - visual, auditory, gustatory, motor, olfactory or tactile.
What is imagery?
200
A systematic, step-by-step procedure, such as a mathematical formula, that guarantees solution to a problem of a certain type, if executed properly.
What is an algorithm?
200
The tendency to apply a familiar strategy to the solution of a problem without carefully considering the special requirements of the problem.
What is a mental set?
200
The smallest units of meaning in a language.
What are morphemes?
200
Restricting the use of a word to only a few, rather than all, members of a class of objects.
What is underextension?
300
A label that represents a class or group of objects, people or events sharing common characteristics or attributes.
What is a concept?
300
A problem-solving method that offers a promising way to attack a problem and arrive at a solution, although it does not guarantee success.
What is a heuristic?
300
The ability to produce original, appropriate and valuable ideas and/or solutions to problems.
What is creativity?
300
The aspect of grammar that specifies the rules for arranging and combining words to form phrases and sentences.
What is syntax?
300
Short sentences that follow a strict word order and contain only essential content words.
What is telegraphic speech?
400
An example that embodies the most common and typical features of a particular concept.
What is a prototype?
400
A heuristic problem-solving strategy in which the current position is compared with the desired goal, and a series of steps are formulated and taken to close the gap between them.
What is a means-end analysis?
400
Producing one or more possible ideas, answers or solutions to a problem rather than a single correct response.
What is divergent thinking?
400
1. The literal words of a sentence that we speak, wright or sign
2. The underlying meaning of a sentence
3. The use of intonation etc. to convey meaning
What is:
1. surface structure
2. deep structure
3. pragmatics
400
The act of inappropriately applying the grammatical rules for forming plurals and past tenses to irregular nouns and verbs.
What is overregularization?
500
The individual instances of a concept that we have stored in memory from our own experience.
What are exemplars?
500
A heuristic strategy in which a person discovers the steps needed to solve a problem by defining the desired goal and working backward to the current condition.
What is working backward?
500
The study of how language is acquired, produced and used, and how the sounds and symbols of language are translated into meaning.
What are psycholinguistics?
500
Vocalization of the basic speech sounds (phonemes), which begins between the ages of 4-6 months.
What is babbling?
500
The notion that the language a person speaks largely determines the nature of that person's thoughts; also known as the Sapir-Whorf theory.