What is Psychology?
What are the three concepts in psychology's definition?
Scientific, behaviour, and mental processes.
What plays a vital role in the scientific method?
What is the first step in the scientific method?
A literature review; reading and understanding previously published work by other professionals.
Which approach did Sigmund Freud form?
The Psychoanalytic Approach
Hypothesis
Specific, testable prediction about how one factor, or variable, is related to another.
What are psychology's four main goals?
Description, Explanation, Prediction, Change
What is the difference between basic research and applied research?
Basic research is conducted to advance scientific knowledge, and applied research is designed to solve practical problems.
In an experiment, what does the control group receive?
The control receives a zero level of the independent variable.
True or False. Most psychologists recognize the value of each perspective in psychology and agree that no one views has all the answers.
True
Nature vs. Nurture Controversy
Ongoing dispute over the relative contributions on nature(heredity) and nurture (environment).
"When will they occur?" is an example of which goal in psychology?
Prediction.
When is a therapist required to break client confidentiality?
When the client threatens to hurt themselves or others.
What is a case study aimed to research?
Conducting an in-depth study of a single research participant.
What does the humanistic perspective emphasize?
Independent Variable
Variable that is manipulated to determine its casual effect on the dependent variable.
You dread going to the grocery store because you got lost there when you were a child. This illustrates psychology's goal of which behaviour?
Explaining Behaviour
What are some of the factors participants should be aware of when obtaining informed consent?
All physical risks, discomfort, or unpleasant emotional experiences.
What is the solution researches use to avoid experimenter bias?
Blind observers, single and double-blind studies, placebos
Name 3 out of the 7 modern psychology's major perspectives?
Psychodynamic, Behavioural, Humanistic, Cognitive, Biological, Evolutionary, Sociocultural.
Evolutionary Perspective
Focuses on natural selection, adaptation, and evolution of behaviour and mental processes.
_____ rely on nonscientific or deliberately fraudulent methods to explain personality.
Pseudopsychologies.
What is the importance of debriefing in psychological scientific research?
It helps ensure the well-being of the participant and helps maintain high ethical standards.
If researchers gave participants varying amounts of a new "memory" drug and then gave them a story to read and measured their scores on a quiz, the ______ would be the IV, and the ______ would be DV.
IV: amount of drug
DV: quiz scores
The biophysical model is a unifying theme of modern physiology that incorporates which three factors?
Biological Processes, Psychological Factors, and Social Processes.
Correlation Coefficient
Number indicating strength and direction of the relationship between two variables (from -1.00 to + 1.00)