Introduction to Cerebral Lateralization and function
The Split Brain
Evolutionary Perspective of Cerebral Lateralization and Language
Wernicke-Geschwind Model
Cognitive Neuroscience of Language and Dyslexia
100
This condition involves the loss of ability to produce or comprehend language due to brain damage.
What is aphasia.
100
These are split-brain experiments that led to new knowledge on the function of the corpus callosum.
What are cats.
100
Evidence of lateralization of function suggests it was present starting at this point in evolution.
What is in basic form 500 million years ago.
100
This condition causes someone to have symptoms of poor comprehension of written and spoken language, meaningless speech and superficial language structure, and rhythm and intonation of normal speech.
What is Wernicke's aphasia.
100
This disorder affects individuals who experience brain damage after previously being able to read.
What is acquired dyslexia.
200
This condition involves the loss of ability to perform voluntary movements which can be done with ease when not thinking about them.
What is apraxia.
200
This lens limits visual input to one hemisphere of split-brain patients while they scan complex visual material, such as a book.
What is Z lens.
200
This theory argues langage is the primary role of left hemisphere. This theory differs from the other theories of Evolution of Cerebral Lateralization which view language as a secondary specialization.
What is linguistic theory.
200
The Wernicke-Geschwind model is based on this evidence.
What is case studies of aphasic patients with strokes, tumors and penetrating brain injuries.
200
This research involved measuring the brain activity of healthy volunteers who read in silence.
What is Baelier’s fMRI study of reading.
300
These are more lateralized than female brains
What is male brains.
300
This phenomenon describes when one hand intercepts the other when they disagree on the perception of world.
What is the helping hand phenomenon.
300
The left hemisphere is specialized for the control of fine movements, rather than control of speech specifically. This theory proposes the perception and comprehension of speech depends on words activating the same neural circuits in the motor system that would be activated if the listener said the words.
What is the motor theory of speech perception.
300
These imaging techniques are used extensively for language studies.
What are CT and MRI scans.
300
This study showed participants images of famous faces, animals and tools. Activation occurred in the left temporal lobe outside the traditional Wernicke’s area.
What is Damaio’s PET study of naming.
400
This is the non-invasive test of cerebral lateralization.
What is the Dichotic listening test.
400
The left and right hemispheres of a split-brain patient communicate in this way.
What is neurally through indirect pathways through the brain stem.
400
This theory proposes there are two basic modes of thinking which are segregated to the left and right hemispheres.
What is the analytic-synthetic theory.
400
Primary Visual Cortex -> Angular Gyrus -> Wernicke's area –> Broca’s area –> Primary Motor Cortex
What is the circuit of brain activity for someone responding to words read and saying them aloud.
400
This disorder used to be considered a psychological disorder because it affected culture. This belief was based on the dichotomy of physiology or psychology.
What is developmental dyslexia.
500
This was the first person to anticipate hemisphere lateralization.
Who is Dr. Marc Dax.
500
Current split-hemisphere perspectives believe this is the relationship between the left and right hemispheres.
What is often some communication across hemispheres, such as for emotion.
500
This was mainly gestural rather than vocal and included various calls which held different meanings based on social context.
What is non-primate language.
500
The Wernicke-Geschwind Model is used in this setting.
What is the classroom and the clinic.
500
Also referred to as phonological dyslexia, this condition involves individuals being unable to apply rules of pronunciation and sound out unfamiliar words while reading. However, their lexical procedure is intact as they can pronounce familiar words of which they have memories.
What is deep dyslexia.
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