Unit 1: Perspectives + Psychologists
debates whether human behavior is determined by the environment, either prenatal or during a person's life, or by a person's genes.
What is Nature vs Nurture?
part of the brain that controls important cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem solving, memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviors.
What is the frontal lobe?
What is motivation?
psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both.
What is Rorschach inkblot?
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsession) and/ or actions (compulsions).
What is obsessive compulsive disorder?
a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation
What is a hypothesis?
the region of the brain that is important for language development. It is located in the temporal lobe on the left side of the brain and is responsible for the comprehension of speech, while Broca's area is related to the production of speech.
What is Wernicke's area?
the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events that we appraise as threatening or challenging
What is stress?
Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism
What are the Big 5 personality traits?
widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
What is DSM-V?
Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.
Who is Sigmund Freud?
a term that refers to the brain's ability to change and adapt as a result of experience.
What is plasticity?
the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
What is homeostasis?
Regression, projection, denial, rationalization, displacement,
What are defense mechanisms?
false perceptions experienced by people with schizophrenia
What are hallucinations?
An explanation via an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations
What is a theory?
comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. Includes four stages: Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, and Formal operational
What is Piaget's four stages of intellectual (or cognitive) development?
a psychological construct referring to a level of mental stimulation at which physical performance, learning, or temporary feelings of wellbeing are maximized. It can also be described as the degree of energy release and the intensity of readiness.
What is optimum arousal?
names for the three parts of the human personality which are part of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic personality theory
What are id, ego, and superego?
symptoms include restlessness, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance
What is anxiety?
Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning. Know for dog study.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
An American railroad construction foreman remembered for his improbable survival of an accident in which a large iron rod was driven completely through his head, destroying much of his brain's left frontal lobe, and for that injury's reported effects on his personality and behavior over the remaining 12 years of his life.
Who is Phineas Gage?
an innate, typically fixed pattern of behavior in animals in response to certain stimuli
What is an instinct?
involves showing respondents ambiguous pictures of people and asking them to come up with an explanation for what is happening in the scene
What is Thematic apperception test (TAT)?
A mood disorder in which the person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
What us bipolar disorder?