Classical Conditioning
This stimulus naturally triggers a response without prior learning.
Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)
Strengthening a behavior by adding something pleasant.
Positive Reinforcement
Learning by watching others.
Observational Learning
Taking away something pleasant to reduce a behavior.
Negative Punishment
Psychologist known for classical conditioning with dogs.
Ivan Pavlov
The learned response to a previously neutral stimulus.
Conditioned Response (CR)
Using consequences to change voluntary behavior.
Operant Conditioning
The person performing the behavior being observed.
Model
Adding something unpleasant to reduce a behavior.
Positive Punishment
Psychologist who conditioned fear in Little Albert.
John Watson
When an organism learns to respond to only the exact conditioned stimulus.
Stimulus Discrimination
Removing an aversive stimulus to increase behavior.
Negative Reinforcement
The first step in the modeling process.
Attention
A stimulus that satisfies a biological need.
Primary Reinforcer
Psychologist who developed operant conditioning.
B.F Skinner
Pavlov referred to learned salivation as this.
Conditioned Response
A schedule in which reinforcement follows a set number of responses.
Fixed Ratio
Bandura’s famous experiment demonstrating aggressive modeling.
Bobo Doll Experiment
Reinforcement delivered unpredictably after varying amounts of time.
Variable Interval
Psychologist who created social learning theory.
Albert Bandura
The process when the conditioned stimulus no longer predicts the unconditioned stimulus.
Extinction
B.F. Skinner’s device used to test learning in animals.
Skinner Box
Learning that occurs without reinforcement, only observation.
Vicarious Learning
Rewarding behaviors that get closer to a target behavior.
Shaping
Learning theorist behind the Law of Effect.
Edward Thorndike