All Things History
What were some important milestones in psychology's early development?
1: Psychology's first laboratory
2: First schools of thought( structuralism, behaviorism, and functionalism).
3: Psychology's first women
Define empiricism
The idea is that knowledge comes from experience, and that observation and experimentation enable scientific knowledge.
Who was Sigmund Freud and what was his approach?
He was a psychoanalytic and a behavioralist who studied the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior.
Define the behavioral perspective.
How we learn observable responses.
Define educational psychology.
The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.
How is psychology a science?
Using a scienctific approach to discover things about psychology and the human mind.
Define cognitive psychology.
The study of mental processes, such as occurs when we perceive, learn, remember, think, communicate, and solve problems.
Who was B.F Skinner and what was his approach?
He was a behaviorist who rejected the idea of introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior.
Define the cognitive perspective.
How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
Define personality psychology.
The study of individuals' characteristic patterns of thinking, feelings, and acting.
Where does psychology originate from?
The Ancient Greeks- Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.
Define cognitive neuroscience.
The interdisciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition.
Who was Abraham Maslow and what was his approach?
He was a humanistic psychologist who studied the potential for personal growth.
Define the evolutionary perspective.
How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes.
Define industrial-organizational psychology.
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
What are the three key elements of the scientific attitude?
Curiosity, Skepticism, and Humility.
Define psychodynamic psychology.
A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses the information to treat people with psychological disorders.
Who was Edward Bradford Titchener and what was his approach?
He was a structuralist who used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements.
Define the psychodynamic perspective.
How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.
Define psychometrics.
The scientific study of measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits.
Who established the first psychology laboratory?
Wilhelm Wundt.
Define the biopsychosocial approach.
An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural viewpoints.
Who was the first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D.?
Define the social-cultural perspective.
How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.
Define human factors psychology.
A field of psychology allied with (I/O) psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.