Unit 1
What is the difference between structuralism and functionalism?
Structuralism is the study of the structure of the mind, while functionalism is the study of how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment.
What is the nervous system?
The nervous system is a complex network of cells that transmit signals between different parts of the body.
What is sensation?
Sensation is the process by which sensory receptors detect and respond to sensory stimuli.
What is learning?
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience.
What is cognitive psychology?
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of mental processes such as “attention, language use, perception, problem solving, memory, and thinking”.
What is the difference between nature and nurture?
Nature refers to the genetic and biological factors that influence behavior, while nurture refers to the environmental factors that influence behavior.
What is the difference between the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system?
The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system consists of all other nerves in the body.
What is perception?
Perception is the process by which sensory information is organized and interpreted by the brain.
What is classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to associate two stimuli, such that one stimulus comes to elicit a response that was originally elicited only by the other stimulus.
What is memory?
Memory is the ability of the brain to store and retrieve information.
What is the difference between a hypothesis and a theory?
A hypothesis is an educated guess about a phenomenon, while a theory is a well-supported explanation of a phenomenon.
What is a neuron?
A neuron is a specialized cell that transmits electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system.
What is the difference between bottom-up processing and top-down processing?
Bottom-up processing refers to the processing of sensory information from the environment, while top-down processing refers to the use of prior knowledge and expectations to interpret sensory information.
What is operant conditioning?
Operant conditioning is a type of learning in which an organism learns to associate a behavior with its consequences.
What are the different types of memory?
The different types of memory include sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
An independent variable is manipulated by the researcher, while a dependent variable is measured by the researcher.
What is an action potential?
An action potential is a brief electrical signal that travels down an axon and causes neurotransmitters to be released into the synapse.
What is sensory adaptation?
Sensory adaptation is the process by which sensory receptors become less responsive to constant or unchanging stimuli.
What is observational learning?
Observational learning is a type of learning in which an organism learns by watching the behavior of others.
What is intelligence?
Intelligence is the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.
What is the difference between an experimental group and a control group?
An experimental group receives the treatment being tested, while a control group does not receive the treatment
What is a neurotransmitter?
A neurotransmitter is a chemical messenger that transmits signals between neurons.
What is the difference between absolute threshold and difference threshold?
Absolute threshold refers to the minimum amount of stimulation needed for a person to detect a stimulus, while difference threshold refers to the minimum amount of change in stimulation needed for a person to detect a difference between two stimuli.
What is the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement involves adding something desirable to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated, while negative reinforcement involves removing something aversive to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated.
What is language acquisition?
Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language, as well as to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.