Psychology
The functioning of the _________ enables everything one does, feels, and knows. (p 6-8)
Brain
What is psychology? (p 1-3)
The scientific discipline that studies mental states and processes and behavior in humans and other animals.
What causes psychology, as a science, to continuously change its structure and organization? (p 8-9)
New discoveries and advances
Can we scientifically prove the existence of the "mind?"
No
Give one example of a behavior that B.F. Skinner taught pigeons through reinforcement.
Reading, ping pong, moving blocks, etc.
What is an organism's genetic code called? (p 6-8)
Genome
When did the Soviet Union launch the Sputnik, which was the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth? (p 1-3)
1957
Which behaviorist led the way in demonstrating the power of operant conditioning through reinforcement, often working with animals such as rats and pigeons? (p 1-3)
B.F. Skinner
Who was one of the influential founders of behaviorism and attempted to remove the study of consciousness from psychology? (p 1-3)
John B. Watson
Psychology is divisible into two parts. What are those two parts? (p 1-3)
Practitioners and Researchers
Why did World War 2 lead to substantial growth in the field of psychology? (p 2-4)
To respond to the needs of returning veterans
Who developed the psychoanalytic theories and therapeutic practices during the early 20th century? (p 2-4)
Sigmund Freud
What dominated most of American academic psychology during the first half of the 20th century? (p 1-3)
Behaviorism
What does the term epigenetic describe? (p 6-8)
The dynamic interplay between genes and the environment during the course of development
What was the title of William James' book that defined psychology as the science of mental life
The Principles of Psychology (1890)
What did Hippocrates believe about human temperaments? (p 1-2)
Physical qualities, such as yellow bile or too much blood, might underlie differences in temperament
Who were the original philosophers that contributed to the development of psychology in Western culture? (p 1-2)
Plato and Aristotle
What is social cognition? (p 5-6)
How people process social information about other people and the self
When researchers studied the role of genetics in behavior, what group of people did they observe? (p 3-5)
People that share genetics (Twins)
What do behaviorists examine in order to modify maladaptive behavior? (p 4-5)
The conditions controlling the behavior, rather than the historical roots
What two figures helped to develop psychology into a formal discipline and science during the 19th century? (p 1-2)
Wilhelm Wundt and William James
What type of therapy focuses on identifying and changing negative, inaccurate, or otherwise maladaptive beliefs and thought patterns through a combination of cognitive and behavior therapy? (p 5-7)
This interdisciplinary field asks questions about topics traditionally of interest to social psychologists, while using methods traditionally employed by cognitive neuroscientists (p 7-9)
Social cognitive neuroscience (SCN)
What specifically does an fMRI measure? (p 5-7)
The magnetic fields created by the functioning nerve cells in the brain, detecting changes in blood flow
Why did the Soviets launching the Sputnik, and kicking off the Space Race, lead to the growth of psychology in American universities? (p 2-4)
Massive federal funding became available to support behavioral research