Memory
___refers to memories of personal events or experiences you may have had in your life that are personal to you.
Episodic memory
A grey banana seen as yellow because that is what we've learned from a lifetime of experience.
What is this psychological influence on visual perception?
Past experience
Less helping in emergencies when others are present.
The bystander effect
___ (1998) studied context-dependent memory.
Participants studied and tested in silent or noisy conditions.
Recall was better when study and test conditions matched.
Grant et al. (1998)
Participants can leave a study at any time without penalty.
Withdrawal rights
___ is a learning process where behaviour is modified by its consequences, either through reinforcement or punishment.
Operant Conditioning
___ are specialised cells in the eye's retina that are highly sensitive to low light, allowing you to see in dim conditions and at night.
eg. a police officer has authority.
Legitimate power
____ had surgery to remove his hippocampus for epilepsy.
This resulted in severe anterograde amnesia.
Henry Molaison (HM)
The principle that parapsychologists must protect a client's private information.
Confidentiality
Procedural memory
What are the psychological influences on visual perception.
- past experiences
- context
- motivation
- emotion
A style of leadership where the leader negotiates decisions with the group/
Democratic Leadership
___ (2000) studied the hippocampus in London taxi drivers.
This found an increased hippocampus volume linked to spatial navigation.
Maguire et al. (2000)
Researchers provide participants with information about the study after their involvement is complete.
Debriefing
Old memories interfere with new ones OR new memories interfere with old ones
Interference theory (proactive and retroactive)
Light energy hits the retina and is converted by rods and cones into electromagnetic nerve impulses.
What stage of receiving/Interpreting visual stimuli is this?
Transduction
__ is power from another's desire to relate to the person
Referent Power
___ (1968) studied a persons conformity using a smoke filled room that was ignored by confederates.
Proved that social pressure can inhibit emergency intervention.
Latane and Darley (1968)
Participants can enter research freely with full information about what it means for them to take part, and that they give consent before they enter the research.
Informed consent
___ is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus by being repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus, causing a conditioned response.
Classical conditioning
Receiving and Interpreting visual stimuli involves the following steps:
1. Reception
2. Transduction
3. Transmission
4. Selection
5. Organisation
6. Interpretation
a child begins to learn the attitudes and values of those closest to them.
Primary social learning
____(1966) studied retrieval cues in memory.
Participants recalled more words with category cues than free recall.
Tulving and Pearlstone (1966)
What are all 7 ethical considerations
- confidentiality
- voluntary participation
- withdrawal rights
- informed consent
- deception in research
- no cause of harm
- debriefing